CAL 
obfcurely tomentofe; leaves hairy, rugged, three-nerved ; 
flowers terminating, frequently three together, tire pedicels 
of the fame length with the flowers; the pappus or down 
is rugged, and as long as the flower. Native of Jamaica, 
chiefly in the woods and inland parts of the ifland. 
2. Calea oppofitifolia : corymbs heaped, peduncles very 
long, leaves lanceolate, fiem herbaceous, two feet high, 
branched, up'right, round, pubefcent. Native of Jamaica, 
in the hedges on the mountains. Cultivated by Mr. Mil¬ 
ler in 1768. 
3. Calea amellus: flowers fubpanicled, calyxes fliort, 
feeds naked, leaves ovate-lanceolate, petioled. This has 
woody branches, which fpread over the neighbouring 
plants, and rife eight or ten feet high. Browne fays, that 
it rifes generally to the height of two or three feet only ; 
the leaves are thick and oppofite; there are many (ide- 
branches, on which are fmaller leaves, oppofite like the 
others, and terminated by panicles of yellow flowers; feeds 
four-cornered, without down. Native of Jamaica. Cul¬ 
tivated by Mr. Miller in 176S. 
4. Calea lobata : corymbs heaped ; leaves alternate, the 
upper ones ovate-lanceolate, the lower ones tooth-haftate, 
linuate-ferrate. This plant generally rifes to the height 
of four or five feet, according to Browne. Sir Hans Sloane 
fays, that it has a very ftrong, ftriated, green, (talk, an 
inch thick, as high or higher than a man; having along 
the ftalk feveral leaves, larger than thofe on its branches, 
which are four inches long, and one inch broad in the 
middle where broadeft, rough, (inuated about the edges, 
and of a dark-green colour : towards the top of -the (talk 
are many branches and twigs, every one of which fu(fains 
many naked yellow flowers. Native of Jamaica. From 
the fhape of the leaves Browne calls it halbert-zuccd. He 
affirms, that it is an excellent bitter, and much ttfed in 
America ; where a fpirituous infufion of the tops is gene¬ 
rally kept in moll plantations, and is often adminiftered as 
an a6tive warm (tomachic. Introduced before 1733, by 
William Houftoun, M. D. 
5. Calea fcoparia: fiem fuffruticofe, branches almofl 
oppofite, angular. This is a fhrub or lmall tree; fiem 
the height of a man or more, branched towards the top, 
even, (freaked, wrinkled, with an afli-coloured bark; 
flowers folitary, leaflefs, feffile, fmall, white. It is a na¬ 
tive of Jamaica ; and there found only in the coldeft parts 
of the mountains. It refembles our European broom, and 
is thence called mountain broom-tree. It is the only tree of 
the fame appearance in that country. Gaertner, who has 
made a difiinft genus for this plant, obferves, that it dif¬ 
fers from calea both in receptacle and down; from chry- 
focoma in the latter only ; and confequently that it is al¬ 
lied more nearly to this than to the former. He adds, 
that the leaves feem fometimes to be oppofite ; but that 
they are very minute and remote. 
6. Calea leptophylla: flowers terminating in threes and 
fives, heaped; leaves oblong, imbricate, quite entire, fef¬ 
file; fiem fimibby. 7. Calea pinifolia: peduncles ter¬ 
minating, heaped; leaves linear, acerofe ; fiem fimibby. 
Thefe are natives of New Zealand. 
The five firfi fpecies being all natives of Jamaica, the 
trivial name of the firfi muft needs be a bad one. Grertner 
remarks, that the firfi and fourth fpecies only correfpond 
with the Linnjean generic character of calea, and there¬ 
fore the other fpecies ought to be removed to other ge¬ 
nera, unlefs we prefer the leaves and external appearance 
of plants to marks taken from tlte fructification. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants may be propa¬ 
gated by feeds, Town upon a hot-bed the beginning of 
April. When they come up, they (hould be tenderly 
treated vvhilft young; admitting however frefli air.to them 
daily in proportion to the warmth of the feafon ; giving 
them water frequently, but fparingly. When they have 
firength enough to be removed, they muft be each tranf- 
planted into a feparate fmall pot, filled with light fandy 
earth, and plunged into a hot-bed ; obferving to I hade 
them until they have taken new roof, giving them air, and 
Vol.III. No. 151. 
CAL 613 
watering them frequently but gently, as before. When 
the plants are grown ftrong,. they muft: be removed into 
larger pots, and placed in the (love or glafs-cafe, giving 
them plenty of frefli air in warm weather. With which 
management, they tviil fometimes ripen their feeds in fa¬ 
vourable feafons. 
CALEAL', a town of Perfia, in the province of Adir- 
beitzan : 152 miles fouth-eaft of Tatiris. 
CA'LEB, [ 2^3 Heb. i. e. a dog.] One of the deputies 
fent by the lfraelites to take a view of the land of Canaan. 
He made a good report of the country, and by this means 
revived the ipirits of the dejefled people ; on which ac¬ 
count, lie and Jofhua were the only perfons who, after 
their leaving Egypt, fettled in the land of Canaan. Caleb 
had for his (hare the mountains and the city of Hebron, 
from which lie drove three kings. Othniel, his nephew, 
having taken the city of Debir, Caleb gave him his daugh¬ 
ter Achfah in marriage; and died, aged 114. 
CALE'CHE, f. The fame with Calash. 
CALEDO'NIA, the ancient name of Scotland. From 
the teftimonies of Tacitus, Dio, and Solinus, we find, that 
the ancient Caledonia comprehended all that country ly¬ 
ing to the north of the rivers Forth and Clyde. In pro¬ 
portion as the Silures or Cimbri advanced towards the 
north, the Caledonians, being circumfcribed within nar¬ 
rower limits, were forced to tranfmigfate into the ifiatids 
which crowd the weftern coafts of Scotland. It is in this 
period, probably, we ought to place the firfi great migra¬ 
tion of the Britifii Gael into Ireland ; that kingdom being 
much nearer to the promontory of Galloway and Cantire, 
than many of the Scottifli ides are to the continent of 
North Britain. To the country which the Caledonians 
poflelfed, they gave the name of Gael-dcch ; which is the 
only appellation the Scots, who (peak the Gaelic lan¬ 
guage, know for their own divifion of Britain. Cael-dock 
is a compound, made up of Gael or Ca'il, the firfi colony 
of the ancient Gauls who tranfmigrated into Britain, and 
dock , a diftrift or divifion of a country. The Romans, by 
tranfpofing the letter L in Cad, and by foftening into a 
Latin termination the ch of dock, formed the well-known 
name of Caledonia. 
CALEDO'NIA (New), a fea-port and fettlement on 
the Ifthmus of Darien, near the Gulf of Mexico, founded 
in the year 1699, by fome Scotch families, which fiou- 
riflied for a time ; but, from fome eaufe or other, has 
been in the hands of the Spaniards (ince the beginning 
of the prefent century. Lat. 9. 30. N. Ion. 77. 36. W. 
Greenwich. 
CALEDO'NIA (New), the large ft ifland in the South 
Pacific Ocean, except New Holland and New Zealand. 
It extends from lat. 19. 37. to 22. 30. S. and from Ion. 163. 
37. to 167. 1.4. E. Greenwich. It was difeovered by cap¬ 
tain Cook in 1774. It is full of hills and valleys, of va¬ 
rious extent, both in height and depth. From the hills 
fpring a number of rivulets, W hich contribute greatly to 
fertilize the plains. The fummirs of the hills are in ge¬ 
neral barren, though fome are clothed with wood, as arc 
all the plains and valleys. Among the trees is a fort of 
pine, very fit for rnafts, tlte wood being dole grained, 
tough, and light. The inhabitants are ftrong, active, and 
well made ; their hair is black, and much frizzled, but 
not woolly; their beards are- crifp and thick; they be- 
fmear their faces with black pigment ; and their only co¬ 
vering is a wrapper made from the bark of a tree, or of 
leaves. They cultivate the foil with, fome art and incluf- 
try, but fubfift chiefly on roots and fifli. Plantains and 
ffigar-canes arc not plentiful, bread-fruit is very f’carc •, 
and the cocoa-nut trees ate but thinly planted ; bur their 
yams and taras are in great abundance. Their houfes are 
circular like a bee-hive, and as clofc and warm. The 
framing of their houfes is of fmall (pars arid reeds, and 
both the roof and (Ides are covered with long coarfe grafs. 
The floor is laid with dry grafs, and here and there nuts: 
are fpread for the principal people to lie or fit on. 'They 
depofit their dead in the ground, and decorate the grave 
