CAL 
Reformed or Corre&cd Calendar, is that which, reject¬ 
ing all the apparatus of' golden numbers, epads, and do¬ 
rr,inical letters-, determines the equinox, and the pafc'lval 
full moon, with the moveable feafts depending' ujon if, 
by computation from agronomical tables. Tins eaie/de.s 
was introduced among the 'Proteft'ant dates of GerfiAmy 
in the year 1700, when eleven days were omitted in the 
month of February, to make the corrected dyle agree 
with the Gregorian. This alteration in the form of the 
year, they admitted for a time; in expectation that, the 
true quantity of the tropical year being at length more 
accurately determined by obfervation, the Romanifts 
would agree with them on fome more convenient interca¬ 
lation. 
French New Calendar, is a form of calendar that com¬ 
menced-in France on the 22b of September, 1792. The 
year, in this calendar, commences at midnight the begin¬ 
ning of that day in which falls the true autumnal equinox 
for the obfervatory of Paris. The year is divided into 
twelve equal months, of thirty days each ; after which 
five fupplementary days are added, to complete the 36; 
days ot the ordinary year: thefe five days do not belong 
to any month. Each month is divided into three decades 
of ten days each ; diflinguifhed by fir'll, fecond,and third, 
decade.. All thefe are named according to the order of 
ih.e natural numbers, viz. the firft, fecond, third, See. 
month, or day of the decade, or of the fupplementary 
days. The years which receive an intercalary day, when 
the pofition of the equinox requires it, which we call em- 
bolifmic or bidextile, they call olimpic ; and the period of 
four years, ending with an olimpic year, is called an olim- 
piade ; tire intercalary day being placed after the ordinary 
five fupplementary days, and making the laft day of the 
olimpic year. Each day, from midnight to midnight, is 
divided into ten parts, each part into ten others, and foon 
to the laft meafnrable portion of time. In this calendar 
too, the months and days have new names. The firft three 
months of the year, of which the autumn is compofed, 
take their etymology, the firft from the vintage, which 
takes place from September to October, and is called 
Vendcmaire ; the fecond Briimaire , from the mifts and low 
fogs, which (hew as it were the tranfudation of nature 
from October to November ; the third, Frimaire , from the 
cold, fometimes dry and fo lire times moift, which is felt 
from November to December. The three winter months 
take their etymology, the firft, Nivoje , from the fnow which 
whitens the earth from December to January ; the fecond, 
PluvioJ'e, from the rains which ufually fall in greater abun¬ 
dance from January to February ; the third, Ventcfe , from 
the wind which dries the earth from February to March. 
The three fpring months take their etymology, the firft, 
Germinal, from the fermentation and developement of the 
ftp from March to April; the fecond, Floreal, from the 
blowing of the flowers from April to May ; the third, 
Prairial, from the finding fecundity of the meadow-crops 
from May to June. Laffly, the three fummer months take 
their etymology, the firft, Mejjidor , from the appearance of 
the waving ears of corn and the golden harvefts which 
cover the fields from June to July ; the fecond, Thermidor , 
from the heat, at once folarand terreftrial, which inflames 
the air from July to Augnft ; the third, FruSidor, from 
the fruits gilt and ripened by the fun from Auguft to Sep¬ 
tember. Thus, the w hole twelve months are, 
Autumn. 
Winter. 
Spring. 
Summer. 
Vendemaire 
Ni vole 
Germinal 
Mellidor 
Brumaire 
Pluviofe 
Floreal 
Thermidor 
Frimaire 
Ventofe 
Prairial 
Frudidor 
From thefe denominations it follows, that by the mere 
pronunciation of the name of the month, every one rea¬ 
dily perceives three things and all their relations, viz. the 
kind of feafon, the temperature, and the (late of vegeta¬ 
tion : for inftance, in the word Germinal, his imagination 
will eafily conceive, by the termination of the word, that 
the fpring commences; by the conftrudion of the word, 
CAL 6 ic 
that the elementary agents are bulled ; and, by the figni- 
ficatie.) ol tile word, that rhe buds unfold themieives. As 
to the names of (he days of the week, or decade of ten 
days each, which they! have adopted inftead of {'even, as 
thefe bear the '(lamp of judicial aftrology and heathen my¬ 
thology, they are limply called from the firft ten numbers; 
thus, Primdi, Duodi, Tridi, Quart id i, Quint id i, Sextidi, 
Septidi, Odidi, Nonidi, Decadi. In the almanac, or an¬ 
nual calendar, inftead of the multitude of faints, one 'for 
each day of the year, as in the popifli calendars, they an¬ 
nex to every day the.name of tome animal, or utenlil, or 
work, or fruit, or flower, or vegetable, &c. appropriate 
and moft proper to the times. 
AJlronomical Calendar, an iriflrument engraven upon 
copper-plates, printed on paper, and palled on board; with 
a brals Aider which carries a hair, and thews by infpedion 
the Inn’s meridian, altitude, right afeenfion, declination, 
riling, fetting, amplitude, 'Sec. to a greater exactnefs than 
can be (hewn by the common globes. 
CATEjiDAR of PRISONERS,/. A lift, prepared 
previous to the arrival of the judges on their refpedive 
circuits, of all the prifoners’ names, in the cuftody of the 
fherirf, or in the gaol of each county. Where prifoners 
are capitally convided at the aftizes, the judge may com¬ 
mand execution to be done, without any writ. And the 
ufage now is, for the judge to fign the. calendar, which 
contains all the prifoners’ names, with their feveral judg¬ 
ments, in the margin ; and this calendar is left with the 
Iheriff, whole duty it is to fee the feveral leniences car¬ 
ried into execution. 
C A'LENDER, f. A hot-prefs or machine to prefs wool¬ 
len cloth, and filkeri Huffs and linens, to make them fmoolh, 
even, and glofty, or to give them waves, or water-marks, 
as may be fee 11 in mohairs and tabbies. This inftrument 
is compofed of two thick cylinders or rollers, of very 
hard and well-polilhed w'ood, round which the fluffs to 
be calendered are wound : thefe rollers are placed croff- 
wife between two very thick boards, the lower ferving as 
a fixed baft, and the upper moveable by means of a thick 
ferew with a cord faftened to a fpindle which makes its 
axis: the uppermolf board is loaded with large Hones, 
weighing 20,ooolb. or more. The royal calender, invented 
by M. Colbert, is made of a block of fmooih marble, and 
the upper board is lined with a plate of polilhed copper. 
The alternate motion of the upper board fometimes one 
way and fometimes another, together with the prodigious- 
weight laid upon it, gives the fluffs their glofs and fmooth- 
nefs. The drefting alone, with the many turns they make 
the fluffs and linens undergo in the calender, gives the 
waves or water-marks, which fome authors have c crone - 
oufly dated to be produced by a fhallow iridenture or en¬ 
graving cut into them. 
A calender-mill has lately been invented by Mr. Ed¬ 
mund Bunting, which is worked with a hor-fe, and find to 
excel eonfidefably the common prelfes. It was patronifed 
by the Society of Arts and Mannfadttres, who p relented 
the inventor with twenty guineas for the difeovery. 
To C A'LENDER, v. a. \_calendrer , Fr. J To drefs doth ; 
to lay the nap of cloth fmooth. 
CALENDER of MONTEITH, a diftrid of Perth¬ 
shire in Scotland, from which a branch of .the ancient fa¬ 
mily of Livingftone had the title of earl. The chief feat 
of the family near Falkirk is alfo called Calender. Both 
eftate and title were forfeited in the rebellion, 1715.- 
CALENDERS, a Mahometan fed, fo called from San- 
ton Calendri, their founder. This Santon went bare¬ 
headed, without a fhirt, and with the (kin of a wild beafl 
thrown over his ftioulders. tie wore a kind of apron be¬ 
fore, the firings of which were adorned with counterfeit 
precious ftones. His difciples are rather a feet of Epicu¬ 
reans than a fociety of religious. They honour a tavern 
as much as they do a mofque; and think they pay as ac¬ 
ceptable worfliip to God by the free life of his creatures, 
as others do by the greateft aufterities and ads of devo¬ 
tion. They are called, in Perfia and Arabia, abdals or 
3 al/dall;:!, 
