6i8 CAL 
permitted to fcatter. The varieties arc fuppofed to have 
been originally obtained from the lends of the Angle fort, 
but, molt of thefe differences continue if the feeds are pro¬ 
perly laved ; but the two childing marigolds, and the lar¬ 
ged double, are fubjedt to degenerate, where care is not 
taken in laving their feeds. The bed way to preferve the 
varieties, is to pull up all thofe plants, whole flowers are 
iefs double, as loon as they appear, and to fave the feeds 
from the larged and mod double flowers; the childing 
fort flicuid be fown by itfelf in a feparate part of the gar¬ 
den, and the feeds laved from the large centre flowers 
only, not from the fmall ones which come from the calyx 
of the other, for the feeds of thefe are apt to change. 
The feeds may be fown in March or April, where the 
plants are to remain, and will require no other culture but 
ro keep them clean from weeds, and to thin the plants 
where they are too clofe, leaving them ten inches afunder, 
that their branch.es may have room to fpread. Thefe 
plants will begin to flower in June, and continue in flower 
until the frofl kills them. The feeds ripen in Augud and 
September, which, if permitted to fcatter, will furnilh a 
fupply of young plants in the fpring; but, as thefe will 
be a mixture of bad and good, the bed method is to fave 
the bed feeds, and fow each of the varieties diliinci, which 
is the fure way to have them in perfeftion. 
The feeds of the fourth, fifth, and fixth, forts, fhould 
be fown in the fpring in the borders of the garden where 
the plants are defigned to remain, for they do not bear 
tranfpkmting well; therefore they may be treated, in the 
fame manner, and fown at the fame time, with candy tuft, 
Venus looking-glafs, and other hardy annual plants, put¬ 
ting four or five feeds in each patch; if they till grow, 
there (hould not be more than two plants left in each 
patch : after this, they require no farther care but to keep 
them clean from weeds. If the feeds of thefe plants are 
permitted to fcatter, the plants will come up the follow¬ 
ing fpring without care, and thefe will flower earlier than 
thofe which are fown in the fpring. 
The feventh fort does not often produce good feeds in 
Europe, but it is eafily propagated by (lips taken off from 
the headsj in the lame manner as is prabtifed for thrift. 
They may be planted any time in funqmer, in pots filled 
with light frelh earth, which may be plunged into a very 
moderate hot-bed, to forward their putting out roots ; or 
otherwife the pots may be funk in the ground up to their 
rims, and covered with a melon-glafs, which, in the mid¬ 
dle of fummer, will anfwer full as well, but in the fpring 
or autumn the former method is to be preferred : when 
thefe are planted., the glaffes mull; be fliaded in the heat of 
the day, and the flips mull be frequently refrcflied with 
water, but it mull not be given them too liberally, for 
much wet will rot them. After they have got firong 
roots, they fhould be each planted into feveral fmall pots, 
filled with frelh light earth, and placed in a lhady fitua- 
tion, till they have taken frelh root, when they may be 
placed in the open air, in a (heltered fituation, where they 
may remain till autumn, and then (hould be placed in a 
dry airy glafs-calc for the winter feafon, or under a com¬ 
mon hot-bed frame ; for thefe plants do not thrive in arti¬ 
ficial heat, they only require proteifion from frofl: and 
wet, and fhould enjoy the air at all times when the wea¬ 
ther is mild. Two or three heads of them have ripened 
in a feafon, but this is very rare ; and, if the feeds are not 
fown in autumn, they feldom grow. 
The eighth is eafily propagated by cuttings, which may 
be planted any time in fummer in a fliady border, or other- 
wife fhaded with mats in the heat of the day: in five or 
fix weeks thefe will have taken root, when they fhould 
be carefully taken up, and each put into a feparate pot, 
filled with light fandy earth, but not dunged, and placed 
in the (hade till ihey have taken frelh root; then they may 
be placed with other hardy exotic plants in a (heltered fi¬ 
tuation, where they may remain till the frofl begins, when 
they mud be removed into the green-houfe, placing them 
near the windows that they may enjoy the free air, for 
CAL 
(his plant only requires prcteflion from frofl. The earth, 
in which thefe are planted fhould be light, but very poor,, 
for in rich earth they grow too luxuriant, and feldom 
flower. 
CALEN'TIUS (Elifius), preceptor of Frederic fon of 
Ferdinand II. king of Naples, wrote feveral eflimable 
works both in verfe and profe. He combined the precepts 
of philofophy with the charms of poetry. He infpired 
his pupil with the love of virtue. He did not approve of 
'condemning malefactors to death. According to him, 
“ thieves (hould be obliged to reftore what they had fto- 
len, after being beaten for the theft; homicides fhould; 
be made (laves; and other criminals be fent to the mines 
and the gallies.” He died about the year 1503. The belt 
edition of his works was given at Rome in folio, 1503, 
His poem of the battle between the rats and the frogs, 
imitated from Homer, was re-printed in 1738 at Rouen, in 
a collection of feleCt fables of la Fontaine put into Latin 
verfe, publifhed by the abbe Saas. Calentius campofed 
this poem at eighteen years of age, and finilhed it in fe- 
ven days. 
CA'LENTURE,/ [from caleo, Lat. to make hot; ei¬ 
ther becaufe it originates from the exceffive heat of the- 
climate, or from the burning heat with which it is accom¬ 
panied.] A violent ardent fever, common among feamen 
in very hot climates. 
CALE'NUS, a famous foothfayer of Etruria, in the 
age of Tarquin. Pliny. A lieutenant of Csefar’s army. 
After Caefar’s murder, he concealed fome that had been- 
profcribed by the triumvirs, and behaved with great ho¬ 
nour to them. Plutarch. 
CALE'PIN (Ambrofius), an Auguftin monk of Cale- 
pio, whence he took his name, in the 16th century. He 
is author of a dictionary of eight languages, fince aug¬ 
mented by Pafferat and others. 
CALE'PIO, a town of Italy, in the Bergamafco. 
CALERZA'NO, a town of the illand of Corfica, fix 
miles fouth-eaft of Calvi. 
CA'LES, anciently a municipal city of Campania, at 
no great diftance from Cafilium. The epithet Calcnvs is by 
Horace and Juvenal applied to a generous wine which the 
territory produced. 
CALE'TES, anciently a people of Gallia Celtica, on 
the confines of Belgica, fituated between the fea and the 
Sequana. Now called le Pais de Caux, in Normandy. 
CALE'TOR, a Trojan prince, flam by Ajax, as he- 
was going to fet fire to the (hip of Protefilaus. Homer. 
CA'LEX, a river of Afia Minor, falling into the Eux- 
ine fea. Thucydides. 
CALF,/, calves in the plural; [ ceaf Sax. half, Dut. jj 
The young of a cow : 
Ah, Blouzelind ! I love thee more by half 
Than does their fawns, or cows the new-fall’n calf. Gay 
Calves of the lips, mentioned by Hofea, fignify facrifices 
of praife and prayers, which the captives of Babylon ad- 
drefled to God, being no longer in a condition to offer fa¬ 
crifices in his temple.—Turn to the Lord, and fay unto 
him, Take away all iniquity, and receive us gracioully : 
fo will we render the calves of our lips. Hofea, xiv. 2.— 
By way of contempt and reproach it is applied to a human 
being; a dolt; a flupid wretch. The thick, plump, bul¬ 
bous, part of the leg, \_kaf Dut.] 
Into her legs Pd have love’s iffues fall, 
And all her calf into a gouty fmall. Suckling. 
For the purpofe of weaning or rearing calves, two me¬ 
thods are in practice. The one is, to let the calf run with 
its dam all the year, which is the lhethod in cheap-breed¬ 
ing countries, and is generally allowed to make the belt 
cattle. The other is to take them from the dam after they 
have fucked only a few days: they are then to be taught 
to drink milk, which is fro be made but juft warm, it be¬ 
ing very dangerous to give it them too hot. The belt 
time for weaning calves is from January to May: they 
Ihould 
