6zo CAL 
brahmin, and it is the only kingdom in the Indies govern¬ 
ed by a'brahmin ; every where elfe, the brahmins are only 
lecremries and minifters. This hate, which the Indians 
call Mal/eami , is'twenty-five leagues Ions, and from four¬ 
teen to eighteen broad. The air is pure and vvholefome ; 
the foil fertile, but fubjeft to inundations, from the ama¬ 
zing' rapidity of the waters which pour down from the 
mountains ; and the fea has frequently made fuch ravages 
on tiie coaft, as to oblige the zamorin to remove his refi- 
dence from tiie town of Calicut to Panana. 1 'he zamorin 
is faid to be able to raile an army of 100,000 men. 
CA'I.ICUT, formerly the capital of the above-men¬ 
tioned empire, and once the greateft emporium of India 
on the Malabar coall. The Portuguefe ellablifhed the 
firft European fettlement in this city ; after which the Eng- 
liill had a factory, which has been long defected. The 
Portuguefe afterwards became fo diftrelfed by the union of 
■tiie Dutch with the zamorin, that they blew up their for- 
trefs, and entirely quitted the neighbourhood. What re¬ 
mained was afterwards undermined by the fea, or over¬ 
thrown by'an earthquake ; for captain Hamilton relates, 
that in 1703 his Ihip, which drew twenty-one feet water, 
firuck on its ruins. In the Mahratta war, Hyder Ali ad¬ 
vanced again ft this city. It was voluntarily furrendered 
to him by die zamorin, who proftrated himfelf at his feet, 
and prefented him with two golden bafons, one filled with 
pieces ol gold, the-other with precious flones ; and two 
fmall cannons of gold, with carriages of the fame metal. 
Hyder raifed him up from the ground, and promifed 
to reftore to him his dominions, on condition of paying a 
fmall tribute. They parted feemingly in perfect amity. 
The next day the palace appeared on fire. In defiance of 
all attempts to fave it, it was wholly deftroyed, and with it 
perilhed the prince, his family, and vaft treafures. In 
1782, Calicut was taken by major Abington, in the fer- 
vice of the Englifh Eall-India company. This officer was 
here fuperfeded in his command by colonel Humberlton, 
who marched out againft Hyder’s army then in the envi¬ 
rons, which he totally defeated. This city, though fallen 
from its ancient fplendour, is Hill conliderable. It con- 
' tains about 600 houfes, built of wood, or bricks baked in 
the fun, in the midft of which are beautiful gardens. It 
is three leagues in circumference, including a large vil¬ 
lage, or fauxbourg, inhabited only by fifhermen. 11 is not 
furrounded by walls, and is very much encumbered by 
burdenlome duties, generally farmed by Mahometans. 
That it is not entirely ruined, is owing to the rivei;, by 
■which they bring down teek-wood from the neighbouring 
mountains. The coaft is low, and affords nofhelter, and 
the only acccfs to it is in fmall flat-bottomed boats. Ca¬ 
licut is feventydix miles weft of Coimbetore, and ninety- 
five fouth-eaft of Seringapatam. Lat. 11.20. Ion. 75.44. 
E. Greenwich. 
' CA'LID, adj. \calidus, Lat. ] Hot; burning; fervent. 
CA'LIDTE PLANTTE, J. [from calor, Lat. heat.] 
Plants that are natives of warm climates. Such are thole 
of the Eaft Indies, South America, Egypt, and the Ca¬ 
nary itlands. Thefe plants, fays Linnrelis, will bear a de 
gree of heat,which is as 40 on,a fcale in which the freezing 
point is o, and 100 the heat of boiling-water. In the 
tenth degree of cold they ceafe to grow, lofe their leaves, 
become barren, are fuffocated, and perifh. 
CALI'DITY,/! Heat.—Ice will dilfolve in any way of 
beat ; for it will dilfolve with fire, it will colliquate in 
water, or warm oil ; nor doth it only fubmit into an ac¬ 
tual heat, but not endure the potential calidity of many 
waters. Brown. 
CALl'DIUS (M.), an orator and pretorian, who died 
in the civil wars, &c. Cefar. —L. Julius Calidius, a mail 
remarkable for his riclies, the excellency of his character, 
his learning, and poetical abilities. He was profcribed 
by Vohimnius, but delivered by Atticus. C. Nepos. 
CA'LI DUCT, J. in antiquity, a kind of pipes difpofed 
along t,he walls of houfes or apartments, ufed by the an¬ 
cients for conveying heat to feveral remote parts of the 
CAL 
hou’fe from one common furnace, fomewhat (imilar to mo¬ 
dern (loves. 
CA'LIDUM INNA'TUM, f. [Lat.] Innate heat, 
which, according to the new philolophy, is the attrition 
of the parts of,blood, which is occafioned by its circular 
motion, efpecially in the arteries. See Heat. 
CA'LIES, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper 
Saxony, and, New Mark of Brandenburg, chiefly inhabited 
by cloth-weavers : lixteen miles eaft of Reetz. 
CAI.IFOR'NI A, a peninfula in the Pacific Ocean, fub- 
jedt to the king of Spain, united on the north to the con¬ 
tinent of North America, from which the other part is 
feparated by a narrow fea called the Gulph of California, 
and bounded on the fouth and weft by the Pacific Ocean, 
near 300 leagues in length, and in different places ten, 
twenty, thirty, and forty, leagues wide. This peninfula 
is laid to have been firft difcovered by Sir Francis Drake, 
and by him called New Albion ; and the gulf of California 
lias been fometimes called the Vermillion Sea, or Purple Sea, 
or Red Sea. In a peninfula of fo vaft an extent, which 
reaches near ly from the 23d to the 46th degree of latitude, 
the foil and climate mu ft naturally be found to vary. Some 
parts are continually covered with flowers, while others 
are inhofpitable deferts. According to father Bergert de 
Scheleftat, it is nothing but a chain of barren rocks, co¬ 
vered with briers, without water, without wood, thinly 
inhabited, and incapable of culture; only the fea-coalts 
having been difeovered till 1788. The heat would be in¬ 
supportable if not moderated in the afternoon by the eaft 
wind, which blows but feldom, or by the fouth, which is 
there more frequent. It rarely rains, and then only in 
fmall quantities. The foil is naked rock, or covered with 
pebbles, fertile in lonie few places, which are watered. 
It feems to have been produced by a volcano or an earth¬ 
quake. Few fruit-trees are found ; fome foreft-trees and 
underwood, towards the fouth, are all that offer; Indian 
figs grow wild. Such was the account given ; but newer 
obfervations and difeoveries have found many places where 
the foil is excellent, and capable of culture; and it is re¬ 
ported, that vines grow naturally on the mountains; that 
the Jefuits, when they reiided there, made wine enough to 
ferve for the confumption of Mexico, of an excellent qua¬ 
lity, and in its tafte approaching to that of Madeira; that 
towards the north have been found forefts, abounding in 
game, wolves, bears, bifons, and an animal, which leems 
peculiar to the country, called taye\ it is as large as a 
Heifer, which it refembles in the form of its body, but its 
head more like that of a deer, with horns like thole of a 
ram. The Tea coafts abound with filh, and the pearl fifh- 
ery is richer than either that of Panama or Ormuz. The 
borders of the gulf are marfhy, and fome volcanoes are 
found; the interior country furnifhes moft of the fruits 
natural to America; they gather a fort of manna, which 
they think falls with the dew upon the leaves of trees, 
where it thickens, affected to be as white and lweet as the 
molt refined fugar. Horfes, affes, horned cattle, hogs, 
goats, and other quadrupeds, have been introduced, and 
do not degenerate. The birds natural to the new world 
are found there, and fome peculiar to the country. Pea¬ 
cocks, buftards, geefe, cranes, vultures, wild-geefe, fea- 
rav.ens, fea-mews, quails, nightingales, linnets, larks, See. 
are found near the coafts. The infedts are neither veno¬ 
mous nor numerous ; turtles, oyfters, lobfrers, and divers 
other fhell-filh, are common along the coall. Divers na¬ 
tions or tribes inhabit the country, without acknowledg¬ 
ing any chief. Eacli father is a prince over his own fami¬ 
ly, but his power ceafes when the children are able to pro¬ 
vide for themfelvcs. Each tribe has, neverthelefs, fome¬ 
times perfons appointed, who call aflemblies, to divide the 
production of the earth, regulate die fifheries, and to march 
at their head, if engaged in war. They owe their rank 
to the choice of their companions, but they are agents 
only, not princes. The (hade of a tree ferves them as a 
retreat during the day, and in the night they retire to their 
huts, built on piles at the fide of rivers or ponds. Want 
