622 C A L. 
the capital. It is twelve miles eaft-north-eaft of Cicacole, 
anti tflirty fouth-eaft of Kinnedy. Lat. xB. 18. N. Ion. 84. 
30. E; Greenwich. 
CAL'jONG-CAM'PANY, a town of tlie ifland of 
Borneo. 
CA'LIPH, or Khai.if, f. [ khalifa, Arab, an heir or 
fucceflor.] A title allunied by the fucceflbrs of.Mahomet 
among the Saracens, who were veiled with abfolute power 
in affairs both religious and civil. It is at this day one of 
the grand fignior’s titles, as fuccelTor of Mahomet ; and 
of the fophi of Perfia, as fuccelTor of Ali. One of the 
chief funftions of the caliph, in quality of imam or chief 
pried of MufTulmanifm, was to begin the public prayers 
every Friday in the chief,mofque, and to deliver the khotk- 
bak or fermon. In after-times, they had a (lilt ants for this 
latter office ; but the former the caliphs always performed 
in perfon. The caliph was alfo obliged to lead the pil¬ 
grims to Mecca, and to march at the head of the armies 
of his empire. He granted invefliture to princes; and 
lent fwords, ftandards, go wns, &c. as prefents to princes 
of the Mahometan religion; who, though they had thrown 
off the yoke of the caliphate, neverthelefs held of it as 
valfals. The caliphs ufually went to the mofque mounted 
on mules ; and the fultans Telgiucides, though mailers of 
Bagdad, held their ftirrups, and led their mule by the 
bridle. At one of the windows of the caliph’s palace, 
there always hung a piece of black velvet twenty cubits' 
long, which reached to the ground, and was called the 
caliph'sJlteve ; which the grandees of his court never fail¬ 
ed to kifs when they palled, with great refpeft. Alter 
the deftrudtion of the caliphate by Hulaku, the Maho¬ 
metan princes appointed a particular officer, in their re- 
fpettive dominions, who fuftains the facred authority of 
caliph. In Turkey, he goes under the denomination of 
mufti ; and in Perfia, under that of fadne. 
CA'LIPHATE, or Khalifate, f. The office or dig¬ 
nity of caliph. 'The fucceffion of caliphs continued from 
the death cf Mahomet till the 655th year of the Hegira, 
when the city of Bagdad was taken by the Tartars. After 
this, however, there were perfons who claimed the ca¬ 
liphate, as pretending to be of the family of the Abaffides, 
and to w hom the fultans of Egypt rendered great honours 
at Cairo, as the true fucceflbrs of Mahomet: but this ho¬ 
nour was merely titular, and the rights allowed them only 
in matters relating to religion; and, though they bore the 
fovereign title of caliphs, they were neverthelefs 1 ubjecis 
and dependents of the fultans. In the year of the Hegira 
361, a kind of caliphate was eredled by (be Fatemites in 
Africa, and lulled till it was fupprefled by Saladin. Hif- 
forians alfo fpeak of a third caliphate in Gemen or Arabia 
Felix, erected by fome princes of the family of the Jobites. 
The emperors of Morocco afluine the title of grand cherifs, 
and pretend to be the true caliphs, or fucceflbrs of Maho¬ 
met, though under another name. 
CALIP'PIC PE'RIOD, f. in chronology, a period of 
76 years, continually recurring; at every repetition of 
which, it was fuppofed, by its inventor Calippus, an 
Athenian aflronomer, that the mean new and full moons 
would always return to the fame day and hour. About 
a century before, tlie golden number, or cycle of 19 years, 
hud been invented by Melon, whicli Calippus finding to 
contain 19 of Nabonaflar’s year, 4 days and^f^, to avoid 
fractions he quadrupled it, and fo produced iris period of 
76 years, or 4 times 19; after which he fuppofed all the 
lunations, &c. would regularly return to the fame hour. 
But neither is this exafl, as it brings them too late by a 
whole day in 225 years. 
CAL 1 TOOR', a fortrefs of the ifland of Ceylon, at the 
mouth of a river of the fame name, in an agreeable coun¬ 
try, near the wed coafl. In 1C15, the Dutch made them- 
felves mailers of it, but were compelled foou after to aban¬ 
don it. It is twenty-eight miles fouth of Colombo. Lat. 
(j. 34. N. Ion. 79.50. E. Greenwich. 
CA'LIVJEfR,/. [from caliber .] A hand-gun ; a harque. 
CAL 
Life ; an old tnufkct.— Come, manage me your calivcr * 
Shaltefpcat c. 
CALIX'TINS, f. A name given to thofe, among the 
Lutherans, w ho follow the fentiments of George Calixtus, 
a celebrated divine, and profeflbrat Helmfladt, in the du¬ 
chy ot Brunfwick, who died in 1636. Fie oppofed the 
opinion of St. Auguflin on predefiination, grace, and free¬ 
will, and endeavoured to form an union among the va¬ 
rious members of the Romtfli, Lutheran, and reformed, 
churches; or, rather, to join them in the bonds of mutual 
forbearance and charity.—Calixtins were alfo a fedt in Bo¬ 
hemia, derived from the Huffites, about the middle of the 
fifteenth century, who aliened the rife of the cup, as effen- 
tial to the eucharift. And hence their name ; which is 
formed from the Latin, calix > a cup. 
To CALK, v. a. [from c ala pc, Fr. hemp, with which 
leaks are Hopped ; or from cede. Sax. the keel. Skinner A 
To flop the leaks of a fliip.—There is a great error com¬ 
mitted in tire manner of calking his majefty’s (hips; which, 
being done with rotten oakum, is the caufe they are leaky. 
Raleigh. 
CAL'KA, or Kalka, a country of Afia, bounded on 
the north by Ruffian Siberia, on the eafl by Chinefe Tar¬ 
tary, on the fouth by the Cobi or fandy defert, and on the 
weft by other parts of Tartary, inhabited by the Eluths 
and Calmucks. 
CAL'KER, f The workman that flops the leaks of a 
ftfip.—The ancients of Gebal, and the wife men thereof, 
were in thee thy calkers-, all the (hips of the lea, with 
their mariners, were in thee to occupy thy merchandize. 
Ezek. xxvii. 9. 
C AL'KING, f. The a6l of flopping the leaks of a fliip. 
It is alfo a term in painting, ufe.d where the back fide is 
covered with black lead, or red chalk, arid the lines traced 
through on a waxed plate, wall, or other matter, by paf- 
fing lightly over each firoke of the defign with a point, 
which leaves an impreffipn of the colour on the plate or 
wall. Chambers. 
CAL'KINS,yi The prominent parts at the extremities 
of a horfe-fhoe, bent downwards, and forged to a fort of 
point. Calkins are apt to make horfes trip ; they alfo- 
occafion bleymes, and ruin the back finews. If fafiiioned 
in form ol a hare’s ear, and the horn of a horfe’s heel be. 
pared low, they do little damage ; whereas the great fquare 
calkins fpoil the foot. Calkins are either fingle or double, 
that is, at one end of the flioe, or at both : the laft are 
deemed lefs hurtful, as the horfes can tread more even. 
To CALL, v. a. \_cado, Lat. kalder, Danifli.] To name, 
to denominate.—And God called the light day, and the 
darknefs he called night. Genejis, i. 5.—'Fo fummon, or 
invite, to or from any place, thing, or perfon. It is of¬ 
ten ufed with local particles, as up, down, in, out, off. —Be 
not amazed; call all your lenfes to you; defend my repu¬ 
tation, or bid farewel to your good life forever. Shakefpeare. 
—Drunkennefs calls off the watchmen from their towers ; 
and then evils proceed from a loofe heart and an untied 
tongue. Taylor's Holy Living. —The paflions call away the 
thoughts, with incellant importunity, toward the objeft 
that excited them. Watts. —To convoke ; “to fummon to¬ 
gether.—Now call we our high court of parliament. Shake - 
Jpeare. —To fummon judicially.—Once a day, efpecially in 
the early years of life and fludy, call yourfelves to an ac¬ 
count, what new ideas, what new propofition or truth, 
you have gained. Watts. —To fummon by command.—In 
that day did the Lord God of hods call to weeping, and 
to mourning, and to baldnefs, and to girding with fack- 
cloth. lfaia/i,nx ii. 12.—In the theological fenfe, to infpire. 
with ardours of piety, or to fummon into the church.—• 
Paul, a fervant of Jefus Chrift, called to be an apoflle, fe- 
parated unto the gofpel of God. Rom. i. 1.—To invoke ; 
to appeal to.—I call God for a record upon my foul, that, 
to fpare you, I came not as yet unto Corinth. 2 Cor. i. 23. 
•—To proclaim ; to publilh. To excite ; to put in a£lion; 
to bring into view ; 
Sec 
