£ 2 6 CAL 
Propagation and Culture. The firft fort', which is the 
only one yet cultivated here, rifes eafily from feeds, on a 
moderate hot-bed. It is bed to fow the feeds in pots, and 
to plunge them into a tan-bed of a moderate warmth ; 
when the plants come up, and have obtained lome ftrength, 
they fhould be gradually inured to the open air, into which 
they fhould be removed in June, and placed in a (helterea 
fituation, where they may remain till autumn; during this 
time they mult be kept clear from weeds, and gently re- 
irefhed with water in dry weather: but, as thefe young 
plants are tender, they Pnould be placed under a frame be¬ 
fore t he early fro ft comes on; for autumnal frofts will kill 
the tender part of their (hoots, which often caufes their 
(talks to decay moll part of their length before'the fpring. 
■ During the winter feafon they (hould be fcreened from 
froft, but in mild weather they muft enjoy the free air, 
otherwife their (hoots will turn mouldy and decay. The 
following fpring, juft before the plants (hoot, they (hould 
be carefully turned out of the pots, fo as not to break their 
roots, and part of them may be planted in fmall pots filled 
with light earth, and the others in a nurfery-bed in a warm 
fituation, at about four or five inches afunder; thofe in 
the pots (hould be plunged into a moderate hot-bed, which 
will forward their taking root; but afterwards they muft; 
be hardened to bear the open air as before ; thefe (hould 
be flickered under a frame in winter for three or four years, 
till they have obtained ftrength; then they maybe turned 
out of the pots, and planted in a warm fituation, where 
they will live in the open air through common winters; 
but in fevere froft they are in danger of being killed, if 
they are not flickered : therefore the.furface of the ground 
about their roots (hould be covered with old tan, to keep 
out the froft ; and their tops protected with ftraiv, peafe- 
haulm, or fern. The plants in the beds (hould alfo be co¬ 
vered with mats or ftraw, in frofty weather; and, after 
they have obtained ftrength, they may be tranfplanted in¬ 
to a warm fituation, and treated every winter in the fame 
manner as the others. 
CAL'LICO. See Calico. 
C ALLICOR'NIA, f. in botany. See Leysera. 
CALLICRA'TES, an ancient fculptor, who engraved 
fome of Homer’s verfes on a grain of millet; made an ivory 
chariot that might be concealed under the wing of a flv; 
and an ant of ivory in which all the members were diftinCt: 
but Lilian juftly blames him for exerting his genius and 
talents in tilings fo ufelefs, and at the fame time fo difficult. 
He floufifhed about the year 472 before Clirift. Pliny. 
CALLICRA'TIDAS, a Spartan, who fucceeded Ly- 
fander in the command of the fleet. He took Methymna, 
and routed the Athenian fleet under Conon. He was de¬ 
feated and killed near the Arginufae, in a naval battle, 
B. C 406. Diodorus .—One of the four ambaftadors fent by 
the JLaredaemonians to Darius, upon the rupture of their 
alliance with Alexander. Curtius. 
CALT.ICRE'AS, or Callicre'on, /. [Gr.] With 
anatomifts, a glandulous fubftance in the mefentery, lying 
near the bottom of the ftomach : in a hog it is called the 
fweethread, in beads the burr. See Pancreas. 
CALLI'GONUM, J. [xaA©-, and yovv, fine joints.] In 
botany, a genus of the clafs dodecandria, order tetragynia, 
natural order holoracere. The generic characters are— 
Calyx : perianthium one-leaved, turbinate at the bafe, 
with a five-parted border ; parts nearly equal, roundifli, 
fpreading, finely obfcurely turned back, permanent, the 
two outer a little fmallcr than the reft. Corolla : none, 
unlefs the calyx be taken for it. Stamina : filaments a- 
bout lixteen, diverging, capillary, at bottom thickened a 
little and pnbefcent, furrounding the germ like a neCfary 
with their (lightly coalefcent bafe, withering; antherse 
roundifli, two-celled, peltate. Piftillum : germ fuperior, 
ovate, four-fided, acuminate ; ftyles three, or more, fre¬ 
quently four, filiform, fpreading, fubcoalefcent at the bafe 
or ending in an acumen of the germ, fcarcely (hotter than 
the filaments; ftigmas capitate. Pericarpium : none, ex¬ 
cept the cruft or (hell of the nut. Seed ; nut with a juice- 
C A L 
iefs infeparable craft or rind, oblong, four-fided, four¬ 
winged, one-celled, valvelefs ; the wings either membra¬ 
naceous longitudinally, two-parted, toothed, curled, or 
briftly, the briftles branched, rigid but foft;. nucleus or 
kernel of the fame form.— EJfential C liar alder. Calyx, five- 
parted ; corolla, none; filaments about fixteen, (lightly 
united at the bafe ; germ fuperior, four-fided ; nut one- 
celled, with a cruft that has feveral wings, or many briftles. - 
Species. 1. Calligonum polygonoides: fruit latticed, 
briftles branched, rigid. This is a fftrub three or four 
feet in height, very bufhy, and extending on every fide - 
the trunk crooked, hard, brittle, the thicknels of the hu¬ 
man arm, covered with a ruffet-coloured bark, divided, 
into crooked branches, which are fubdivided into twigs, 
whence inftead of leaves fpring cylindric threads, half a 
line in thicknefs, and an inch or fifteen lines in length, com- 
pofed of feveral jointed pieces, fo like the leaves of ephe¬ 
dra, that it is impoftible to diftinguifh them without fee¬ 
ing the flowers : from the joints of thefe threads proceed 
others which are jointed alfo, and along thefe fome flow¬ 
ers come forth three-lines in diameter; they are in form 
of bafins, cut into five parts to the middle, where they 
are pale green;' the reft is white: from the bottom of 
the bafin rifes an angular piftil a line and half in length, 
furrounded with white filaments which have purple an- 
therae; each flower is fupported by a very (fender and 
fliort peduncle. The fruit is about half an inch long, and 
four lines thick, of a conical figure, deeply channelled lon¬ 
gitudinally; the channels are fometimes ftraight, fome- 
titnes fpiral ; the angles are terminated by wings cut into 
very fine fringes; the pulpy part is white and angular. 
The flowers have the odour of thofe of the lime-tree, are 
long in withering, and continue at the bafe of the fruit. 
Tournefort lias defcribed and figured a fingle ftyle, where¬ 
as there are three or four; he has alfo reprefented very 
few ftamens, whereas there are about fifteen ; the figure 
alfo reprefents both calyx and corolla, but there is only 
one. Linnaeus aftlgned two ftigmas, without any ftyle, to 
his calligonum, and an indefinite number of ftamens. 
Tournefort feems to have taken the young nafcent twigs 
for leaves. Found by Tournefort in Armenia, in the plains 
at the foot of mount Ararat, in the year 1700. 
2. Calligonum comofum : fruits latticed, briftles branch¬ 
ed, foft. This is perhaps no more than a variety of the 
foregoing. The plants are in every relpect alike, but the 
fruit is with fofter briftles; in the other they are vefv dif- 
tinft and differ. It was found in Egypt, by Lippi; and 
in Barbary, by Louiche Desfontaines. 
3. Calligonum pallafia : fruits winged ; wings membra¬ 
naceous, curled. This is a flirub three or four feet in 
height, with many alternate, round, reclining, flexuofe, 
jointed, fomewhat knotty, leaflefs, branches ; the (hoots 
at each joint are numerous (fix to ten), much crowded in 
bundles, ruftiy, fome fimple, others branched ; few of 
thefe become brandies, but mod of them perifli; they are 
fubulate, jointed, bright green, or fomewhat glaucous. 
At each joint of the (hoots is a fingle leaf, which is fefiile, 
cylindric, fubulate, flefhy, like the (hoots, half an inch in 
length ; thefe are placed alternately. Flowers lateral or 
axillary, ufually three together at each joint, peduneled, 
white with the difk of the calycine fegments, greerifh, fra¬ 
grant ; Pallas adds, that thefe flowers are very abundant 
from the younger woody branches, efpecially about the 
warty tubercles at the joints, and from the herbaceous 
fuckers which pufli up every fpring; they come out in 
balls within the fmall membranous ftipule. It flowers at 
the beginning of June, and the feeds-are ripe in July. He 
found it in the fandy deferts of Siberia, between the Volga 
and the Juick. Here it flowers in Auguft, and was intro¬ 
duced in 1780, by Peter Simon Pallas, M. D. The herb 
and flowers are fo alike in the feveral fpecies, that we 
are obliged to have recourfe to the fruit for the fpecific 
diftimftions. 
Loureiro has given another fpecies, under the name of 
calligonum afperum } which he thus characterizes: leaves 
* ovate. 
