CAL 
ovate, rough ; racemes fubdivided; fruit double. The 
(tern is fhrubby, fcandent, bin without tendrils, unarmed, 
long, branched ; leaves quite entire, alternate ; flowers 
white, in terminating racemes 5 calyx five-leaved, herba¬ 
ceous, except at the end, where it is red; leaflets round- 
i(h, concave, fpreading ; coioila commonly none, but fome- 
times there are four round, concave, fpreading, petals ; 
flignia (eflile, blunt, deeply two-parted ; flamens nume¬ 
rous, on the receptacle. He calls the fruit a beriy, which 
fometimes is (ingle, fometimes double ; is one-ceiled, and 
contains many feeds. In the fruit, therefore, this plant 
differs widely from the calligonums. Native of Cochin- 
china, in woods. 
CALLI'GRAPHUS,/. [/.a**©-, beauty, and y§«<pw, 
I write.] Anciently denoted a ccpyift, or ferivener, who 
tranferibed fair, and at length, what the notaries had ta¬ 
ken down in notes or minutes. The minutes of afts, &c. 
were always taken in a kind of cypher, or fliort-hand ; fuch 
as the notes of Tyro in Gruter : by which means' the 
notaries, as the Latins called them, or the cm/xetoypaiPot 
and as the Greeks called them, were enabled 
to kee; pace with a fpeaker or perfon who dictated. Thefe 
notes, being underflood by few, were copied over fair, and 
at length, by perfons who had a good hand, for fale, Sc c. 
Thefe perfons were called calligraphic a name frequently 
met with in the ancient writers. 
CALLI'GRAPHY, J. \_calligraphia , Lat. of * a AX©-, 
beauty, and ypaCpri, writing, Gr.] The art of writing 
fmall. Callicrates is faid to have written an elegant diltich 
on a fefamum feed. Junius fpeaks of a perfon, as very 
extraordinary, who wrote tlie apoflles creed, and beginning 
of St. John’s gofpel, in the compafs of a farthing. What 
would he have faid of our famous Peter Bale, who, in i 575 > 
wrote the Lord’s prayer, creed, ten commandments, and 
two fhort prayers in Latin, with his own name, motto, day 
of the month, year of the Lord, and reign of the queen, in 
the compafs of a Angle penny, inchafed in a ring and bor¬ 
der of gold, and covered with a cryflal, all accurately 
written, and quite legible ? 
CALLI'LOGY, /. [calli/ogia, Lat. of zaAAiAoyta, Gr.] 
An elegancy of diclion. Dionyf. Halicarnaf. n, 27, 40. 
Oaa, xaAAiAoyna, &c. Whatever terms carry with them a 
callilogy, or grandeur, or gravity. Append, ad ThcJ'aur. 
H. Stephan?, &c. 
CALLI'MACHUS, a celebrated architeft, painter, 
and fculptor, born at Corinth, having feen by accident 
a bafket, round which the plant acanthus had railed its 
leaves, conceived the idea of forming the Corinthian capi¬ 
tal. See Architecture. 
CALI.PMACHUS, an ancient Greek poet, born at 
Cyrene, in Africa. He flouriflied under the Ptolemies, 
Philadelphus, and Euergetes. Berenice, queen of the lat¬ 
ter, having conlecrated her locks in the temple of Venus, 
and a flattering aftronomer having tranflated them into a 
conftellation in the heavens, gave occafion to the fine elegy 
of this poet, w hich we have now only in the Latin of Catullus. 
His common name Battiades, has made the grammarians 
ufually aflign Battus for his father; but perhaps he may 
as well derive that name from king Battus, the founder of 
Cyrene, from whofe line, as Strabo affures us, he declared 
himfelf to be defeended. Before Callimachus was reco - 
mended to the favour of the kings of dEgypt, he taught in a 
fchoolat Alexandria; and had the honour of educating A- 
pollonius, the author ofthe Argonautics. But, Apollonius 
making an ungrateful return to his matter for the pains lie 
had taken with him, Callimachus was provoked to re¬ 
venge himfelf in an inveftive poem, called Ibis ; which, 
it is known, furnifhed Ovid with a pattern and title for a 
fatire of the fame nature. Suidas relates, that Callima¬ 
chus wrote above 800 pieees ; of which we have now re¬ 
maining only a few hymns and epigrams. Thefe weie 
publifhedat Paris in 1675, by the ingenious mademoifelle 
Le Fevre, afterwards madame Dacier, with notes critical 
and learned. Quintilian is very juftifiable in having af- 
C A L 627 
ferted, that Callimachus was the fir ft of all the elegiac 
poets. 
CALLI'MEDES, a youth ordered to be killed and 
ferved up as meat by Apollodorns of CafTandrea. 
CALL'ING, f. Vocation ; profefiion ; trade.—If God 
lias interwoven fuch a pleafure with our ordinary calling, 
how much fuperior mu ft that be, which arifes from the 
furvey of a pious life ? South.. —Proper Union, or employ¬ 
ment.—The Gauls found the Roman fenators ready to die 
with honour in their callings. Szvift. — Oafs of perfons uni¬ 
ted by tire fame employment or profefiion.—It may be a 
caution to all Chriftian churches and magi Urates, not to 
itnpofe celibacy on whole callings, and great multitudes of 
men or women, who cannot be fuppofable to have the gift 
of continence. Hammond. —Divine vocation; invitation or 
impulfe to the true religion.—Give all diligence, to make 
your calling and election hire. 2 Peter, i. 10.—St. Peter Was 
ignorant of the calling of the Gentiles. Hakewill. 
CAL'LINGER, a town of Hindooftan, in the circarof 
Bundelcund : feventy-two miles W. S.W. of Allahabad.. 
CAL'LINGTON, a borough-town in the county of 
Cornwall, which fends two’ members to parliament; with 
a weekly market on W.ednefdays. It is ten miles fouth of 
Launcefton, and 213 weft of London. 
CALLl'NUS, an orator, who is faid, to have firft in¬ 
vented elegiac poetry, B. C. 776. Some of his verfes are 
to be found in Stobaeus. 
C ALLIO'NYMUS,/. iIicDragonet ; in ichthyology,, 
a genus of fifhes placed by Linnaeus in the clafs of jugu- 
lares. The aperture of the gills being at the hinder part 
of the neck, forms the generic character ; the body is long, 
narrow, round, and without feales; the head is flattened 
above and below, and the mouth is furnifhed with large 
lips. The eyes are at the top of the head, and near to 
each other. The noftrils are hardly vifible. The gill- 
covert is one little rayed plate ; the aperture is fmall, 
and cylindric. The maxillary bone ends in a three-forked 
fpine. They have eight fins; two jugulars, two peclo- 
rals, two dorfals, one at the anus, and the tail. They are 
of the rapacious kind; and never grow more than .fourteen 
or fifteen inches long. They inhabit the North Sea, the 
Mediterranean, and the Indian Ocean ; yet they feent to 
have been unknown to the Greeks and Romans. There 
are fix fpecies, of which the following two are molt wor¬ 
thy of attention. 
1. Callionymus lyra, the gemmeous dragonet; in which- 
the great length of the rays of the fir ft dorfal fin, is the 
fpecific chat after. There are fix rays in the membrane of 
the gills, eighteen in the peftoral fin, fix in the ventral or 
jugular, ten in the anal, nine in the tail, four in the firft 
dorfal, and ten in the fecond. The head is oblong, broad, 
arched above, flatted below ; the mouth is wide ; the 
jaws, of which the upper is the largeft, are armed with 
a great number of fmall teeth; the tongue fhort; the lips 
large, and can be protruded at the will of the fi(h ; the 
noftrils are placed midway between the eyes and mouth ; 
the eyes are oblong, near each other, and furnifhed with a- 
ntembrane, the pupil black, iris gold-colour. The gili- 
covert is fattened, and the membrane comes from tire chin. , 
The head is brown above, with blue fpots of various fizes 
at the lides ; the body is long and round; the back is 
brown; the fides are yellow, white as they approach the: 
belly, ornamented with two blue broken lines. According 
to Brunnicke and Duhamel, the colours vary much in this 
fpecies ; for in the Mediterranean they have fometimes 
broiyn and blue fpots, fometimes red ones; and, if we 
nitty credit the fifhermen, the males have various colours, 
but the females only two, brown and red. The ventral 
cavity is fhort, and the lateral line is nearly (trait, run¬ 
ning through the middle of the fifh. The three firft rays 
of the firft dorfal fin protrude far beyond the membrane 
that unites them : it is brovvnifli at bottom, yellow at the 
other parts, with blue ferpentine ftripes. The fecond dor¬ 
fal is formed of blue and yellow broad ftripes; though 
thefe differ in fome fpecimens; the peftoral, ventral, and 
tail. 
