CAL 
diameter of the bore iij incites and tenths. Within the 
fcales ofJkot and bore diameters on the circular part ot' A, 
are divisions marked pounders ; the inner figures 3, 
ij-V, 8, 12, iS, 26, 36, correfpond to the longed lines; and 
the figures i,»z, 4,t6, g, 16, 24, 32, 42, to the ihort ftrokes. 
When the bore of a gu'n is taken between the points of the 
calliper, the bevil edge F of the face B will either cut or 
be near one of thefe divitions, and (hew the weight of iron 
(hot proper for that gun. 
On the upper half of the circular head of the face A are 
three concentric fcales of degrees; the outer (bale confid¬ 
ing of 180 degrees numbered from right to left, 10, 20, &c. 
the midtile numbered the contrary way, and the outer fcale 
beginning at tire middle with o, and numbered on each 
fide to 90 degrees. Thefe fcales ferve to take the quan¬ 
tity of an angle, either entering or faliant. For an enter¬ 
ing or internal angle, apply the legs of the callipers fo 
that its outward edges coincide with the legs of the given 
angle, the degree cut by the bevil edge F in the outer 
fcale (hews the meafure of the angle fought: for a faliant 
or external angle, (lip the legs of the callipers acrofs each 
other, fo that their outward edges may coincide with the 
legs forming the angle, and the degree marked on the 
middle fcale by the bevil edge E will (hew the meafure of 
the angle required. The inner fcale will ferve to deter¬ 
mine the elevation of cannon and mortars, or of any ob¬ 
lique plane. Let one end of a thread be fixed into the 
notch on the plate B, and any weight tied to the other 
end : apply the (Iraight fide of the plate A to the fide of 
the body whofe inclination is fought; hold it in this pofi- 
tion, and move the pla*e B, till the thread falls upon the 
line near the centre, marked Pcrp. Then will the bevil 
edge F cut the degrees on the inner fcale, (hewing the in¬ 
clination of that body to the horizon. 
On the face C, near the point of the callipers, is a lit¬ 
tle table, (liewing the proportion of troy and avoirdupois 
weights, by which one kind of weight may eafily be redu¬ 
ced into another. Near the extreme of the face D of the 
callipers are two tables, (hewing the proportion between 
the pounds weight of London and Paris, and alfo between 
the lengths of the foot meafure of England and France. 
Near the extreme of the face A is a table containing four 
rules of the circle and fphere; and geometrical figures 
with numbers annexed to them. The firft is a circle in¬ 
cluding the proportion in round numbers of the diameter 
to its circumference. The fecond is a circle, inferibed in a 
fquare, and a fquare within that circle, and another circle 
in the inner fquare: the numbers 28, 22, above this figure, 
exhibit the proportion of the outward fquare to the area 
of the inferibed circle ; and the numbers 14, 11, below 
it, (hew the proportion between the area of the inferibed 
fquare and the area of its inferibed circle. The third is a 
cube inferibed in a fphere ; and the number 893 (hews that 
a cube of iron, inferibed in a fphere of 12 inches in diame¬ 
ter, weighs 89^. The fourth is a fphere in a cube, and 
the number 243 exprelfes the weight in pounds of a fphere 
inferibed in a cube whofe fide is 12 inches. The fifth 
reprefents a cylinder and cone of one foot diameter and 
height ; the number in the cylinder fhews, that an iron 
cylinder of that diameter and height weighs 364-5^. and 
the number 121-5 ' n the rone exprelfes the weight of a 
cone, the diameter of w hofe bale is 12 inches, and of the 
fame height. The fixtli figure (hews that an iron cube, 
whofe fide is 12 inches, weighs 4641b. and that a fquare 
pyramid of iron, whofe bate is a'fquare foot and height 
12 inches, weighs 154 § lb. 'Lite numbers which have been 
hitherto-fixed to the four la(t figures were not briefly true ; 
and therefore they have been correffed in the figure here 
referred to ; and by thefe the figures on any inlfrument of 
this kind (hotild be corrected likewife. 
On the leg B of the callipers, is a table (hewing the 
weights of a cubic inch or foot of various bodies in pounds 
avoirdupois. On the face D of the circular head of the 
callipers is a table contained between five concentric feg- 
ments of rings; the inner one marked Guns, (hews the na« 
Vol. III. No. 152, ' 
C A L <5*9 
Lire of the gun or the weight cf ball it carries; the two 
next rings contain the quantity of powder tiled for proof 
and fervice to brafs guns, and-the two “outermed rings 
(hew the quantity for proof and fervice in iron cannon. 
On the (ace A is a table exhibiting the method of comput¬ 
ing the number of Jhot or Jhells in a triangular, fquare, or 
redlangular, pile. Near this is placed a table containing 
the principal rules relative to the fail of bodies, exprelled 
in an algebraic manner. Nearer the centre w e have another 
table of rules for railing water, calculated on the fuppofi- 
tion that one horie is equal, in this kind of labour to five 
men, and that one man will raife a hogfiieadof water to eight 
feet of height in one minute, and work at that rate for 
fome hours. N.B. Hogflieads are reckoned at fixty gallons. 
Some of the leading principles in gunnery, relative to 
firing from guns and mortars, are exprelfed on the face B 
of the callipers. Befides the articles already enumerated, 
the fcales ufually marked on the (e£lor are laid down er s 
this inftrument: thus tlie line of inches is placed on the 
edge of the callipers, or on the (Iraight borders of the 
faces C D : the logarithmic fcales of numbers, fines, verfed 
fines, and tangents, are placed along thefe faces near the 
(Iraight edges: the line of lines is placed on the fame faces 
in an angular polition, and marked Lin. The lines of planes 
or fuperficies are alio exhibited on the faces C and D, 
tending towards the centre, and marked Plan. Finally, 
the lines of folids are laid on the fame faces tending to¬ 
wards the centre, and difiinguiflied by Sol. 
CALLI'POLIS, the name of feveral cities of antiquity, 
particularly one upon the Hellcfpont, oppofite to Lamp- 
facus in Alia ; now Gallipoli. 
CALLI'RHOE, in fabulous hiftpry, a beautiful nymph 
at Calydon, of w hom Corefus pric’d: of Bacchus was deep¬ 
ly enamoured ; but, (he treating him with difdain, he be- 
fought Bacchus to refent her infenfibility ; and that god 
made the Callidonians fo drunk, that they became mad : 
upon which they went to confult the oracle, who anfvvered- 
that this diforder could not ceafe till Calirhoe was facri- 
ficed, or fome other in Iter (lead. But, no one offering him- 
felf, the nymph was conducted to the altar, where Corefus, 
the high prieft, feeing her adorned with flow'ers, and dreffed 
for facrifice, inftead of turning the knife againfi: her, he 
(hibbed himfelf. Callirhoe, being then moved with com. 
pallion, killed herfelf to appeafe the manes of Corefus.—• 
A daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, who was mother of 
the monliersGeryonand Echidna, by Chryfaor. — A daugh¬ 
ter of Scamander, who married Tros, by whom (he had 
Hits, Ganimede, and Affaracus.—A daughter of Ache- 
lous, who was wife to Alcmeon, the murderer of his mo¬ 
ther Euriphyle. 
CALLIR'RHOE, furnamed Enneacrunos, from its nine 
fprings or channels ; a Fountain not far from Athens, great¬ 
ly adorned by Pififlratus, where there were feveral wells, 
but this only the running fpring. — Calirrhoe was alfo the 
name of a very fine fpring of hot water beyond Jordan, 
near the Dead Sea, into which it empties it (elf. 
CALLl'S 1 A, f. in botany, a genus of the clafs trian- 
dria, order monogynia, natural order enfa'ae. The gene¬ 
ric characters are—Calyx : perianthium three-leaved ; 
leaflets linear-lanceolate, keeled, erect, permanent. Co¬ 
rolla : petals three, lanceolate, acuminate, ereiff, fpread- 
ing at the top, the length of the calyx. Stamina: fila¬ 
ments three, capillary, longer than the corolla, dilated at 
the top into a roundifh lamina; antherre double, globular, 
fixed to the infide of the lamina. Piftillum: germ fupe- 
rior, oblong, compreflfed ; fiyle capillary, the length of 
the (lamens ; fiigmas three, (pleading, pencil-form. Pe- 
ricarpiutn: capfule ovate, coropreffed, acute, two-celled, 
tvvo-valved ; the valves contrary. Seeds: two, roundiIh. 
— EJfcntiai' Charatder. Calyx, three-leaved; petals, three ; 
antherte, double ; capfule, two-celled. 
There is only one fpecies, called callifia repens, or 
creeping callifia, or tender flower. This plant is allied to 
rommelina; but it is dellitute of nectaries. It is herba¬ 
ceous, tender, creeping from the joints; rather eredl at 
7 X top, 
