CAL 
Bcr. It is fometiir.es fo thickly matted together on deep 
marfhes, that one may walk upon it without linking. In the 
Flora Lapponica he had united all thefe into one fpecies. 
GALLlTRl'CHU M,_/l in botany. See Horminum. 
CAL'LONK, /. [from x «>.©-, fair.] Hippocrates ufes 
this word to fignify that decency and gravity of character 
and deportment which it is neceffary all medical men fhould 
be poflefTed ot. 
C ALLOO', a fortrefs of the Netherlands, on the Scheldt, 
where the Dutch were defeated by the Spaniards in 1638 : 
five miles w eft of Antwerp. 
CALLOPIS'MUS, J'. [v.aX©3 fair, and oj-, the eye ] 
That proportion of (hape and feature which is grateful to 
the eye ; elegance of form. 
CALLO'SITY, f. [callofite , Fr.] A kind of fwelling 
without pain, like that of the fkin by hard labour ; and 
therefore when wounds, or the edges of ulcers, grow fo, 
they are (aid to be callous. Quincy. —The fnrgeon ought 
to vary the diet of his patient, as lie finds the fibres loofen 
too much, are too flaccid, and produce fungufes ; or as 
they harden, and produce callofities ; in the firft cafe, wine 
and fpirituous liquors are ulefulj in the laft, hurtful. 
Arbuthnot. 
CaLLOT' (James), a famous engraver, fon of John 
Callot, herald of arms in Lorraine, was defcended from an 
ancient and noble family, and horn at Nancy in 1593. 
When he was only twelve years old he fet out for Rome, 
without acquainting any body, in order to lee the many 
curiofities there he had heard fo much talk of; but, his 
cafli failing, he joined himfelf to a party of Bohemians, 
who were going into Italy, and went with them to Flo¬ 
rence. There he v'as taken under the protedion of an 
officer of the great duke, who put him to learn defigning 
under a (kilful painter and engraver. Afterwards he got 
to Rome, where he was known by a merchant of Nancy, 
and lent immediately home to his parents. When he was 
about fourteen years of age he gave them the flip again, 
and directed his cottrfe towards Rome ; but lie met his 
eider brother, who was at Turin about bufinefs, and was 
brought back a fecond time to Nancy. His paffion, how¬ 
ever, for vifiting Rome, being Nil 1 as warm as ever, his fa¬ 
ther at length gave him leave to go; and he went in the 
train of a gentleman whom the duke of Lorraine fent to 
the pope. When he arrived at Rome, lie learned to de- 
fign and engrave front Philip Thomalfin, of Troyes, in 
Champagne, who had fettled in that city. Afterwards he 
removed to Florence, where the great duke employed him 
with feveral oilier excellent workmen. Callot at that 
time began to defign in miniature, and had fo happy a ge¬ 
nius for it, that he became incomparable in that way. He 
quitted his graver, and ttfed aquafortis, becaufe this was 
both the quickeft way of working, and gave more ftrength 
and fpirit to the performance. After the great duke’s 
death, he began to have thoughts of returning to his ow n 
country; and about that time prince Charles coming thro’ 
fi'lorence, and being uncommonly ftruck with fome of his 
curious pieces, perfuaded Callot to go along with him to 
Lorraine, and prompt'd him a good falary from his father- 
in-law Henry, the reigning duke. Callot attended him, 
and had a confiderable penfion fettled upon him; and, be¬ 
ing in his tliirty-fecond year, he took a wife, who was'a 
woman of family. His reputation was now fpread all over 
Europe, infomuch that the infanta of Spain fent for him 
to BruflTels, when the marquis of Spinola was laying liege 
to Breda, that he might firft draw, and afterwards engrave, 
as he did, the fiege of that town. He went to France in 
1628, when Louis XIII. made him defign and engrave the 
fiege of Rochelle and the file of Rhe. After he had been 
amply recompenfed by that monarch, he returned to 
Nancy; where he continued to follow the bufinefs of en¬ 
graving fo afiidnoufly, that he is faid to have left 1380 
pieces of his own doing; a prodigious number for fo fiiort 
a life as his! His death happened on the 28th of March, 
1.636, when he was only forty-three years of age. 
CAL . 
CALTiOU?, adj. \_calhis, L.at.] Indurated; hardened; 
having the pores (hut up.—In prog re (s of time, the ulcers 
became (inous and callous, with induration of the glands. 
Wifcman. —Hardened; infallible.—Licentioufnefs has fo 
long palled for fliarpnefs of wit, and greatnels of mind, 
that the confcience is grown callous. L’E,jl>ange. 
■C AL'LOUSNHSS, f. Hardnefs ; induration of the fi¬ 
bres.—The oftener we ufe the organs of touching, the 
more of thefe fcalcs are formed, and tiie (kin becomes the 
thicker, and fo a callovfnejs grows^ upon it. Clieync. — In- 
fenfibility. — If they let go their hope of everlafting life 
with willingnefs, and entertain final perdition with exulta¬ 
tion, ought they not to be efteeined dellitute of common 
fenfe, a/id abandoned to a calloufnefs and numbnefs of 
loul ? Bentley. 
CALLOW, adj. Unfledged ; naked ; without feathers; 
How in final! flights they know to try their young. 
And teach the callow child her parent’s fong. Prior. 
CALLU'CO, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the pro¬ 
vince of Diarbekir : fixty miles north-well of Rabba. 
CAL'LUNBORG, or ICallunborg, a town of Den¬ 
mark: fixty miles weft of Copenhagen. 
CAL'LUS, f. [Latin.] An induration of the fibres. 
The hard fublfance by which broken hones are united. 
This term is in a fpecial fenfe fpoken of the eye-lids, both 
by Galen and Scribonius Largus. Callus has alio a par¬ 
ticular fignification, in which it means the corpus callojum 
of the brain. Paracelfus gives the name of callus to an 
ahfeefs, or ulcer, caufed by an acrid or arfenical nutritious 
juice, which excites a vehement itching. The contraction■ 
of the part divided is a common fymptom in wounds ; and 
the ftronger the contraftile force, the greater the retrac¬ 
tion of the fides of tiie wound from each other. The fkin 
of the head is thick and firong, and equally tenfe on all 
parts of the fkull, and under it lies a cellular membrane. 
For thefe reafons, when the fkin of the cranium is divi¬ 
ded, the lips of the wounds are fpeedily far retracted from, 
gacli other, and are called callus, for which reafon wounds 
of rhe forehead generally leave large fears behind them. 
As the growing vellels in wounds of the fo ft par's are 
highly tender and pulpous, in confequence of their not 
being covered with tire fkin, they may ealily be too much 
diltended, and degenerate into fungous fieHi. The fame 
holds true in the callus of the bones, which may become 
luxuriant when the veffels which confiitute the fubftance 
of the growing bone are diftended, either by a redundance, 
or too llrong impetus, of the fluids. Dr. Nifbet and Dr. 
Hunter imagine a callus of the bone is not formed by the 
infpiflation of any fluid, but from a regeneration, or, as it 
were, granulation, from the fibres of the bone. 
C ALLYSIND', a river of Hindooftan, which runs with 
feveral other rivers into the Chutnbul, in the circar of 
Kotta. 
CALM, adj. [, calme-, Fr. halm, Dutch.] Qujet; ferene; 
not ftormy ; not tempeftuoits ; applied to the elements.—• 
So (hall the fea be calm unto us. Jonah. —Undifturbed ; 
unruffled : applied to the paffionsr—It is no-ways congru¬ 
ous, that God fhould be frightening men into truth, who 
were made to be wrought upon by calm evidence, and gen¬ 
tle methods of perfuafion. Atterbury. 
CALM ,_/1 Serenity; ffillnefs; freedom from violent, 
motion; ttfed of the elements: 
Every pilot 
Can fleer the I’nip in calms-, but he performs 
The (kilful part, can manage it in (forms. Denham. 
Freedom from difhtrbance; quiet; repofe: applied to 
the paffions.—Great and flrange calms ufually portend tire 
mod violent Jlorms-, and therefore, (ince J/orrns and calms do 
always follow one another, certainly,' of the two, ir is much 
more eligible to have the Jlorm firft, and the calm after¬ 
wards : fince a calm before a Jlorm is commonly a peace of 
a man’s own making ; hut a calm after a Jlorm a peace of 
God’Si 
