633 
CAL 
was formerly endowed with various privileges, and is fop- 
pofed to have rifen out of the ruins of an old Roman co. 
Sony, on the other fide of the river Caine, where Roman 
coins are frequently found. Here was one of the palaces 
of the Weft-Saxon kings ; and it probably had a caftle, 
one of the ftreets being called Caftle-ftreet. There was 
alfo an hofpital of black canons, dedicated to St.John, in 
the reign of Henry III. A fynod was held here in 977, to 
decide a difpute between the fecular and regular clergy ; 
in which, the timbers of the room giving way, a great num¬ 
ber of the priells were killed. This is an ancient borough 
by prefcription; and fends two members to parliament. 
CAL'NEH, [Heb. confummatioh.] An ancient city in 
the land ofShinar, built by Nimrod, and mentioned, Gen. 
x. 10, as belonging to his kingdom. It is believed to be 
the fame with Calno, mentioned Ifaiahx. 9, and with 
Canneh, Ezekiel xxvii. 23. It muff have been fituated 
in Mefopotaniia, fince thefe prophets join it with Haran, 
Eden, Atlyria, and Chilmad, which carried on a trade 
with Tyre. It is faid by the Chaldee interpreters, and 
by Eufebius and Jerom, to be the fame with Ctefiphon, 
handing upon the Tigris, about three miles difiant from 
Seleucia, and for fome time the capital of the Parthians. 
CAL'NO [Heb.J The name of a place. Ifa. x. 9. 
CALO'BRA, the molt confiderable harbour in the 
Eland of Majorca, both for its fecure entrance, and the 
fine country that furroundsit; as well as for the fine frefh 
water with which it fupplies (hipping. 
CALODEN'DRUM, J. [xa/\©- and hvfyov, a beautiful 
tree.] In botany, a genus of the clafs pentandria, order 
monogynia. The generic characters are—Calyx : perian¬ 
th! um one-leafed, permanent, five-parted ; parts ovate, 
acute, thickifh, villofe-muricate on the outfide, with the 
edges (lightly revolute. Corolla: petals five, lanceolate, 
blunt, fpreading, channeled, keeled, waved, villofe, three 
times the length of the calyx ; nectaries five, fliaped like 
the petals, inferted into the receptacle within them, linear- 
lanceolate, fubulate at the tip, terminated by a gland, 
fmooth, (ilvery-glandular, narrower than the corolla, but 
of the fame length. Stamina: filaments five, equal, the 
length of the corolla, four of which have antherae, one 
being ufually barren : antherae ovate-cordate, grooved, in¬ 
ferted into the back. Piltillum : germ pedicelled, capi¬ 
tate, muricate, fuperior; fiyle inferted into one lide of the 
germ, filiform, the length of the (tamens; ftigma (imple, 
blunt. Pericarpium ; capfule peduncled, ovate, bluntly 
five-cornered, five-grooved, muricate, five-celled, five- 
vaived. Seeds : in pairs, triangular, convex at the back, 
fmooth. The number of parts in the corolla, nedtary, 
and (tamens, varies ; it is feldom four, molt frequently five, 
very feldom fix. One of the (tamens is commonly obferv- 
ed to be caftrated.— Character. Corolla fpreading, 
five-petalled ; neiftary five-leaved ; capfule five-celled. 
There is but one known fpecies : it is called Caloden- 
drum Capenfe, or Cape Calodendrum. This is a tree, with 
branches oppolite, or three together. Leaves entire, ever¬ 
green. Flowers in terminating panicles, on oppofite one- 
flowered peduncles. Native of the Cape. 
CALOGE'RI,/. in ecclefiaftical hiltory, monks of the" 
Greek church, divided into three degrees : the novices, 
called archari ; the ordinary profelfed, called mierochemi ; 
and the more perfect, called megalochcmi. They are like- 
wile divided into csenobites, anchorites, and reclufes : the 
camobites are employed in reciting their offices from mid¬ 
night to fun-fet ; the anchorites retire from the conven¬ 
tion of the world, and live in hermitages, never going out 
but on Sundays and holidays to perform their devotions at 
the next monaftery ; tlie reclufes fnut themfelves up in 
grottos and caverns on the tops of mountains, which they 
never go out of, but live on the alms fent them by the 
neighbouring monafteries. 
CALOGERI'Z A, a town of European Turkey, in the 
province of Bulgaria, fixty-four miles eaIt of Sofia. 
CALOIE'RA, a fmall Greek ifiand, in the Archipela- 
go, five leagues fouth ot Andros. 
■ VGA. Ill. No. 552. 
CAL 
CAL'OMEL,/. [from good, and ^\a. black, 
from its virtues and colour.] That which we now call 
aethiops mineral was formerly thus named. But calomel 
now means a white preparation of fublimed mercury. 
CALONE'RY POINT, a cape on the eaft coaft of the 
ifiand of St. Vincent, one mile fouth of Young Point. 
CALO'NI, a town of European Turkey, in the ifiand 
of Metelin, in a gulf to which it gives name, in which are 
two Greek convents. 
CALONNE'A,yi in botany. SeeGALARDiA. 
CALOPHYL'LUM, f. and <tu,AAoi, hne leaf.] 
In botany, a genus of the clafs polyandi ia, order monogy¬ 
nia. The generic characters are—Calyx : perianthium 
four-leaved, (two-leaved, Jacqu.) leaflets ovate, concave, 
coloured, deciduous, the two outer ones ffiorter. Corolla .- 
petals four, oblong, concave, fpreading. Stamina : fila¬ 
ments many, filiform, ffiort; antherae ereCt, oblong. Pif- 
tillum : germ roundilh ; fiyle filiform, the length of the 
(tamens, (none, Jacqu.) ftigma headed, obtufe. Pericar- 
pium : drupe globular, Seeds: nut globular, fubacumi- 
nate, very large.— F.ffential CharaEltr. Calyx four-leaved, 
coloured: corolla four-petalled ; drupe globular. 
Species. 1. Calophyllum inophyllum : leaves oval; 
calyx the fize of the petals; flowers racemed, leaves a 
fpan long, and a hand broad, marked with tranfverfe dif- 
tant ftreaks. The root exudes a whitilh clear gum, 
without fcent. Flowers eight-petalled, fnow-white, and 
fvveet-fmelling. Fruit the fize of a walnut, under a tlefhy 
bark, and a woody (hell, having a very oily nut, which is 
bitter, and yields a yellow refinous juice. It is a tree of 
great (ize, ninety feet in height, and twelve in thicknefs. 
Bark of the branches fmooth, at firft green, afterwards 
reddifti ; of the trunk thick, fcaly, blackifit and purple 
within, which when wounded exudes a yellowifh vifcid 
juice, frequently hardening to a gum. Leaves like thole 
of the water-lily. Fruit fmooth, Alining, green, when 
ripe, reddilh. The nut is at firft fweet, but afterwards 
very bitter. It is common in Malabar, in Tandy foils, and 
bears fruit twice a-year, in March and September, fre¬ 
quently to the age of 300 years. An oil is exprefied from 
the nuts to burn in lamps, to afttiage pains, and to make 
ointments. The bark and gum are alfo ufed for medical 
purpofes. In Java, &c. they plant this tree about their 
houfes, for the elegance of the fliade, and the fweetnefs 
of the flowers. 
2. Calophyllum calaba : leaves ovate, obtufe. Thisalfo 
is a lofty tree, well adapted for ffiady walks. Fruit green, 
with little pulp, involving a fmooth afh-coloured nut, in 
which is a white (olid kernel. It is not eaten, but the 
Caribes exprefs an oil from it for domeftic ufes. Burman 
named it inophyllum , becaufe the leaves are ftriated like 
the fibres of a nmfcle difte&ed longitudinally. The ftruc- 
ture is very curious. SeeGiUAS and Mesua. 
CALO'PUS,/ in entomology, a genus of the coleop¬ 
terous order of infedts, confiding of three fpecies, two of 
which were left by Linnaeus in the genus Cerambyx ; and 
the third, from De Geer, was noted by him as a Ceram¬ 
byx alfo. The generic characters, as dated by Gmelin, 
.are, Antennje filiform; feelers four, the fore ones clavute, 
the hind ones filiform ; thorax gibbous; wing-cafes linear. 
Colour brown. 1. Calopus ferraticornis, the ferrate¬ 
horned calopus: antennae comprefled, ferrate before. 
The thorax is unarmed, and partly oval. The body is 
of a long cylindrical (hape. Inhabits Europe, a. Calo¬ 
pus hifpicornis, the prickly horned calopus : a fmall 
fpine behind each joint of the antennae. Thorax rounded, 
unarmed. Inhabits America ; perhaps not of this genus. 
3. calopus pigmecus, the fmall calopus : antennae fer¬ 
rate, and hairy. Inhabits Sweden ; (ize of a flea. See 
this minute fpecies, very greatly magnified, on the engra¬ 
ving of Canella Alba. 
CALOR'IC,/. [from ca/oT, Lat. hear,] In the new 
chemillry, the matter or principle of heat. Lav oilier, in 
giving his reafuns for the adoption of this teim, lays, 
te AH bodies are either lolid, liquid, or in a date of au-i- 
7 Y form 
