6*1* CAL 
form vapour, according to the proportion which takes 
place between the attraftive force inherent in their par¬ 
ticles, and the repul five power of the heat afting upon thefe; 
or in proportion to the degree of heat to which they are 
cxpoled. It is difficult to comprehend their phenomena, 
without admitting them as the effeds of a great and ma¬ 
terial fubftance, or very lubtile fluid, which, infinuating 
itfelf between the particles of bodies, feparates them from 
each other. This fubftance, whatever it is, being the 
caufeofheat; or, in other words, the fenfation, which we 
call warmth, being caufed by the accumulation of the fub¬ 
ftance ; we cannot in Arid language diftinguifh it by the 
term heat , becaufe the fame name would very improperly 
exprefs both caufe and effed.” He therefore gave it the 
names of igneousfluid, and matter of heat. But thefe being 
confidered asperiphraltic expreffions, which both lengthen 
phylical language, and render it more tedious and lefs 
diftinft, the caufe of heat , or that exquifitely-elaflic fluid 
which it produces, is now diftinguifhed by the term 
caloric , confidered as the refpedive caufe, whatever that 
may be, which feparates the particles of matter from each 
other. See Chemistry, vol. iv. p. 153, 181-187. 
CALORIF'IC, adj. [caloriflcus, Lat.] That which has 
the quality of producing heat; heating.—A calorific prin¬ 
ciple is either excited within the heated body, or transfer¬ 
red to it, through any medium, from fome other. Silver 
will grow hotter than the liquor it contains. Grew. 
CALO'TO, a town and department belonging to the 
jurifdidion of Popayan in South America. The extent 
of the diftrift is confiderable ; it isalfo rich, and abounds 
in the produds of the earth ; the foil being fertile, and 
the country every where interfperfed with (mail farms. 
CALOT'TE.yi [French.] A cap or coif, worn as an 
ecclefiallical ornament in Roman catholic countries. In ar- 
chitedure, a round cavity or deprell’ure, in form of a cap 
or cup, lathed and plaftered, tiled to diminilh the rife or 
elevation of a chapel, cabinet, alcove, &c. 
CALOU'DE, a town of Hindooftan, in the fubah of 
Dowlatabad : four miles well of Carmulla, and 210 north- 
weft of Hydrabad. 
C ALO'YERSyi in church hiftory, monks of the Greek 
church. 
CAL'PE, a lofty mountain in the ntoft fouthern parts 
of Spain, oppofite to mount Abyla on the African coaft. 
Thefe two mountains were called the Pillars of Hercules. 
Calpe is now called Gibraltar, or the Rock of Gibraltar j 
which fee in vol. viii. p. 555. 
CALPE.NTEEN', an iliand in the Indian fea, near the 
weft coaft of the ifland of Ceylon, about forty miles long, 
and fix broad. Lat. 8. o. N. Ion. 79. 50. E. Greenwich. 
CALPENTEEN', a town of the ifland of the fame 
name. Lat. 8. 15. N. Ion. 79. 50. E. Greenwich. 
CAL'PENY, one of the Laccadive illands, in the In¬ 
dian fea. Lat. 10. 5. N. Ion. 73. 29. E. Greenwich. 
CAI.'PES,/. in the law of Scotland, a gift to the head 
of a clan as an acknowledgement for protection and main¬ 
tenance. 
CALPKUR'MIUS (Titus), a Latin poet, born in Sicily 
in the age of Diocletian : feven of his eclogues are extant, 
and generally found with the works of the poets who 
have written on hunting. They are greatly inferior to 
the elegance and fimplicity of Virgil’s. The beft edition 
is that of Kempfer, 4to. Lug. Bat. 1728. 
CALPOLALPAN', a mountain in New Mexico, which 
abounds with jafper, and marble of different colours. 
CALPRENE'DE (Gautier de la), born at Cahors about 
the year 1612, was a gentleman in ordinary to the king. He 
was th8 firft that brought long romances into tafte. The 
merit of thofe romances lay in the adventures, the intrigue 
whereof was not without art, and which were not impof- 
fible, though they were almoft incredible. On the con¬ 
trary, Bcia. do, Ariofto, and TalFo, had loaded their poe¬ 
tical romances with fiftions altogether unnatural. But the 
< harms of their poetry, the innumerable beauties of the 
cpifodes, and their marvellous allegories, efpecialiy in Ari- 
CAL 
ofto’s performances, make them immortal ; whereas the 
wmrks of La Calprenede, as well as the other large ro’ 
mances, are fallen into diferedit by the improvement of 
the age. He died in 1663. 
CALPURNI A'NA, in ancient geography, a town of 
Spain, placed by Ptolemy in Bcetica, in the territory of 
the Turdnli, and mentionedin the Itinerary of Antonine. 
CAL'PY, or Culpee, a town of Hindooftan, in the 
country of Agra, celebrated for the tombs of many In¬ 
dian princes: 115 miles fouth-eaft of Agra, and 11 c north- 
weft of Allahabad. 
CAL'QUING. See' Calking. 
CAL'SOUNDS f. A fort of linen drawers worn by the 
Turks. 
CALT LOUGH, a lake of Ireland, in the county cf 
Sligo : twenty miles fouth-weft of Sligo. 
CALTA'RO, a town of Dalmatia, in the republic of 
Ragufa : twenty-four miles north of Ragufa. 
CAL'THA, f. [a«iAa0© j , Gr. calathi forma, the name 
having been anciently applied to the marigold, which, 
when llightly expanded, refemblesa balket: others derive 
it from xaAAoc, pulc/iritudo. ] The Marsh Marigold; 
in botany, a genus of the clafs polyandria, order polygy- 
nia, natural order multifiliquae. The generic characters 
are—Calyx: none. Corolla: petals five, ovate, flat, 
fpreading, deciduous, large. Stamina : filaments mime, 
rous, filiform, fhorterthan the corolla; anthera? cornprefl- 
ed, obtufe ereft. Piftillum : germ fuperior, five to ten, 
oblong, compreffed, ereft; fiyles none ; ftigmas fiftiple. 
Pericarpium: capfules many, one-celled, two-keeled, 
gapingin the fuperior future. Seeds : many, ovate or ovate- 
oblong, fmooth, affixed to the fuperior future, in a double 
row.— FflcntialCharaHer. Calyx none ; petalsfive ; neftary 
none ; capfule feveral, many-feeded. 
There is but one fpecies, called Caliha paluftris, or 
marfh marigold. The root is perennial. Stems feveral, 
almoft upright, about a foot high, hollow, nearly round, 
fmooth, branched, purple at bottom. Radical leaves on 
long petioles, cordate-reniform, fmooth, ftiining, and 
notched or crenated ; fometimes fcalloped, fometimes en¬ 
tire. Stem-leaves nearly feflile, more pointed at top, and 
ftiarply crenated. Stipules brown, membranous, and wi¬ 
thering. Branches .dichotomous. Peduncles one-flow- 
ered, upright, grooved. Corolla of five petals, (from five 
to feven,) fomewhat concave, large, without any glofs on 
the upper fide. Antherae oblong, flat, bending inward, 
yellow; the inner row of filaments with broad anthera;; 
the outer twice as long, club-ftiaped, with compreffed an¬ 
thera;. It grows in wet meadows, and by the tides of 
rivers, flowering in March and April, fometimes fo early 
as February. The flowers, gathered before they expand, 
are faid to be a good fubftitute for capers. The juice of 
the petals, boiled with alum, ftains paper yellow. Cows 
will not eat it, unlefs compelled by extreme hunger; it is 
a vulgar notion therefore, wholly unfounded, that the 
yellownefs of butter in the fpring is caufed by this plant: 
where a high colour is not given by art, it is the erf eft of 
abundance of rich pafture. This is the firft flower that 
announces the fpring in Lapland, where ii begins to blow 
towards the end of May. Miller infifts, that the greater 
and fmaller marfh marigolds never vary either in their 
natural place's of growth, or when cultivated in a garden. 
There is a variety with double flowers, which is preferved. 
in many gardens for its beauty. It is propagated by 
parting the roots in autumn, it fhould be planted in a 
moift loil and fliady fituation, and may be allowed room 
where few other plants will thrive; during the leafon of 
flowering, it will afford an agreeable variety. The marfh 
marigold with double flowers does not appear fo early 
in the fpring as the Angle, but continues much longer in 
beauty. It flowers from May to the middle of June. 
See Arnica, Calendula, and Verbesina. 
CAL'TROPS,y?in botany. See TiuiiULUs.and Trapa. 
CA L'TROPS, f. [eoltrappe, Sax. chaujfc trappes, of che- 
val attrape, Fr.J* Irons with four fpikes, fo made, that, 
which 
