C A M 
ifontaining one feed. The young leaves are put into fal- 
i;ids, and^tre not unpleafant. L6ureiro obi'erved it in the 
gardens in Cochin-china. 
6. Calyptranthes relinofa : leaves oblong, peduncles la¬ 
teral. This is a middle-Iized tree,-with fpreading branches, 
and a very tough relinous bark. Leaves quite entire ; 
flowers white, on many-flowered axillary peduncles ; berry 
roundilh, Email, black, four-celled. Native of Cochin- 
china, where the filhermen dye their nets in a ftrong de- 
coftion of the root, to preferve them from rotting. 
CA'LYX, f. [from y.ai\vrr\w, not y-x Ai|, a cup.] In bo¬ 
tany, the outer covering of the flower, or the firlt of the 
feven parts of fructification, formed, according to Lin¬ 
naeus, of the cortex or outer bark. In another place he 
explains it to be, the cortex or outer bark prefent in the 
fructification. Tegmentum exterius floris e coriice. Regn. 
Veget. Cortex plantx in fruttijicatione preefens. Delin. PI. 
This term includes not only the perianthium, which is 
often excltifively called the calyx ; but alfo the involucre, 
ament, fpathe, glume, calyptre, and volva; and therefore 
is of a much more extenlive lignification than perianthium. 
The calyx is frequently called empalement and jlower-cup by 
Englilh writers. With refpedt to the latter of thefe names, 
it is obferv'ed above, that calyx is not derived from 
a cup; and, if it be admitted at all, fitould be confined to 
what we call the perianthium. 
CALZA'DA, a town of Spain, in Old Caftile, once the 
fee of a bifliop, united to the fee of Calahorra : forty miles 
weft of Calahorra. 
CAM, one of the fmaller Virgin Iftands, in the Weft 
Indies. Lat. iS. 20. N. Ion. 63. 25. W. Greenwich. 
CAM, or Grant, a river of England, which pafles 
by Cambridge, and joins the Oufe three miles fouth 
from Ely. 
CAM 7 E'Aj f. in na'trral hiftory, a genus of the femi- 
pellucid gems approaching to the onyx ftrudhire, being 
compofed of zones, and formed on a cryftalline balls ; but 
having their zones very broad and thick, and laid al¬ 
ternately one on another, with no common matter between ; 
ufually lefs tranfparent, and more debafed with earth, 
than the onyxes. 1. This fpecies of the camaea is the dull- 
lookingonyx, with broad black and white zones; and is 
the camseapf the moderns, and the Arabian onyx. It is 
found in Egypt, Arabia, Perlia, and the Eaft Indies. 
2. The dull broad-zoned green and white camaea, or the 
jafpicameo of the Italians: it is found in the Eaft Indies, 
and in fome parts of America. 3. The hard camaea, with 
broad .white and chefnut-coloured veins. 4. The hard 
camaea, with bluish, white, and flefti-coloured, broad 
veins, being the fardonyx of Pliny, and brought from the 
Eaft Indies. 
CAMAlETJ', /1 [from camachuia, which name is given 
by the orientals to the onyx, when, in preparing it, they find 
another colour.] A ltone with various figures and repre- 
fentations of landfkips, formed by nature. In painting, a 
term ufed w here there is only one colour, and where the 
lights and fhadows are of gold, wrought on a golden or 
azure ground. This kind of work is chiefly uled to re- 
prefent baffo relievos. Chambers. 
CAMALDU'LIANS, Camaldunians, or Camal- 
no cites, an order of religious, founded by Romuald, an 
Italian fanatic, in 1023, in the defert of Camaldoli, other- 
wife called Campo Malduli, in the (late of Florence, on 
the Apennines. Their rule is that of St. Benedict ; and 
their houfes, by the ftatutes, are never to be lefs than five 
leagues from cities. The Camaldulians have not borne that 
title from the beginning of their order; till the clofe. of 
the eleventh century they were called Romualdins, from 
the name of their founder. Till that time, Camaldulian 
was a particular name for thofe of the defert Camaldoli. 
Guido Grandi, mathematician of the great duke of Tuf- 
canv, and a monk of this order, publifhed Camaldulian 
Diflertations, on the Origin and eftablifhment of it. The 
Camaldulnes were diftinguiftied into dalles; of which the 
one were Canebites^ and the other Eremites , 
CAM 6 39 
C AMALODU'NUM, anciently a town of the Trino- 
bantes, the firft Roman colony in Britain. From the Iti¬ 
neraries it appears 'to have been the place where Malden 
in EiTex now (lands. 
CAMA'NA, a town of South America, and capita! of 
a jurifdiclion in Peru, fituated on a river of the fame name, 
near the South Pacific Ocean. The country about yields 
wine and fruits, and in the town are fome manufactures. 
It is (eventy miles weft of Arequipa. 
CAMANB A'Y A,/ in botany. See Tillandsia. 
CAMA'RA, f. in botany. See Lantana. 
CAMA'RA, or Camarium, f. [*xpa.(ct, a vault.] 
The fornix or vault of the brain. Tire vaulted part of 
the auricle. 
CAMARAN', or Kamaran, an illand in the Red Sea,, 
about thirty miles in length, and twenty in breadth, about 
eight miles from the coaft of Arabia. The inhabitants are 
principally employed in filliing, efpecially for pearls and 
coral. Lat. 13. 6. N. Ion. 42. 2-2. E. Greenwich. 
CAMARA'SA, a town of Spain, in Catalonia, on the 
river Segro, about a league above Balaguer. 
CAMAR'CUM, the ancient capital of the Nervii, a 
people of Gallia Belgica : now Cambray. 
CAMARET', a town of France, in the department of 
Finifterre, fituated in a bay, to which it gives name. In 
1694, the Englifh made a defeent here, with an intent tc» 
attack the town of Bred, but were compelled to give up 
the enterpnze, with the lofs of a conliderable number o€ 
men ; fome fay 1200. It is eight miles fouth of Breft. 
CAMAR'GUE, an ifland, or clufter of iflands, of 
France, in the mouth of the Rhone, feparated by canals, 
and fortified ; the whole contains about twenty-feven 
fquaie leagues, and are divided into eight parifhes; the 
land is exceedingly fertile, but the air is unwholefome. 
CAMARI'NA, anciently a city of Sicily, built by the 
Syracufans on an eminence near tlie fea, to the weft of the 
promontory Pachynum, between two rivers, the Hipparis 
and Oanus. Of fo famous a city nothing now remains but 
its ancient walls, a mile and a half in compafs, with the 
flight remains of houfes : now called Camarana. 
CAMARI'NA PA'LUS, a m'arfli or lake, near the 
city Camarina, from whence it took its name. In a time- 
of drought, the flench of the lake, produced a peftilence ; 
upon which the inhabitants confulted the oracle, whether 
they ftiould not quite drain it. The oracle difluaded them: 
they notwithftanding drained it, and opened a way for their 
enemies to come and plunder their city : hence the pro¬ 
verb, Ne moveas Camarinam ; that is, not to remove one 
evil to bring on a greater. Now Lago di Camarana, fitu- 
ate in a beautiful plain, under the walls of Camarina, and 
ot a triangular form. 
CAMARI'NAS, a town of Spain, near the fea-coaft of 
Galicia, twenty-five miles weft-north-weft of Galicia. 
CAMARI'NES, the mod foutherly province of the 
ifland of Ltifon, one of the Philippines, in which are 
found feveral fprings of warm water, fome of a petrifying 
quality. Caceres is the capital. 
CAMARIO'CA, a town of the ifland of Cuba : fifteen 
miles eaft of Havanna. 
CAMARO'NES, or Jamour, a river of Africa, which 
runs into the Atlantic. Lat. 3. 28. N. Ion. 11. 30. E, 
Greenwich. ,, 
CAMARO'NES, a town of the ifland of Cuba: fe- 
venty-five mdes fouth-eaft of HavaiTna. 
CAMARO'NES, a riverof South America, which runs 
into the Atlantic. Lat. 46.0. S. Ion 50. 50.W. Ferro. 
CAMARO'NES, a river of South America, which runs 
into the South Pacific Ocean, thirty-fix miles fouth of 
Arica, in Peru. 
CAMAR'SEN, a tow'n of Germany, in the Tyrolefe : 
thirty miles weft of Bolzano, and twelve eaft of Bormio. 
CAMAS'SEI, or Camace (Ar.drea), painter of hif¬ 
tory and landfcape, was born at Bevagna, and (ludied in 
the fchool of Andrea Sacclii, and becaipe a great painter. 
He Was employed in St. Peter’s in Rome; and his works 
3 ’ are 
