C A M 
anti when ripe whitilh. Native of the Eaft Indies, and of 
the woods in China and Cochin-china ; very abundant in 
Siam and Cambodia, where ihcifions are made in the bark, 
and a great quantity of ginnmi gutter or gamboge is extract¬ 
ed and exported into foreign Countries. This concrete is 
a gum refin, in part inflammable, compact, dry, yellow, 
inclining to orange colour, without Imell, and aim oft with¬ 
out fade, producing however a flight fenfation of acrimo¬ 
ny in the throat. A greater quantity of it is diflblved in 
fpirits of wine than in water, to which it imparts a lemon- 
colour. It is ufed medicinally in the Eaft, as a purgative, 
hydragogue, and emetic, particularly in dropfies and worm- 
cafes. It is laid to lole the latter quality when macerated 
in vinegar. The principal life however of gamboge is in 
painting in miniature and water colours. Tire fruit is eat¬ 
en at meals in the Eafl; Indies, and, being much efleemed 
for provoking the appetite, is frequently put in their fauces. 
CAMBO'J A, or Cameodia, a country of Alia, bound¬ 
ed on the north by Laos, on the eafl by Cochin-china and 
Chiampa, on the fouth by the fea, and on the weft by 
Siam ; about 135 leagues in length, .and fifty in breadth. 
The air is exceedingly hot, which compels the inhabitants 
to refide chiefly by the (ides of rivers or lakes, where 
they are tormented by mufketoes. The foil is fertile, pro¬ 
ducing corn, rice, excellent legumes, fugar, indigo, opi¬ 
um, camphor, and different medicinal drugs, in abun¬ 
dance ; raw filk and ivory are of little value. Gold of 
great purity, amethifts, hyacinths, rubies, t0pa7.es, and 
other precious (tones, are found ; cattle, of the cow kind, 
are exceedingly numerous ; and it is faid a tolerable good 
one may be purchafed lor a crown, and 1401b. of rice for 
fourpence. Elephants, lions, tygers, and almoft all the 
animals of the defects of Africa, are found there. Among 
the trees are the fandal and eagle wood, and a particular 
tree, the juice of which is ufed in the preparation of a 
mixture in which they dip their arrows; a wound given 
ffom one of the arrows is faid to prove mortal, though the 
juice itfelf may be drunk without danger. Thiscountry, 
fo rich by nature, is almoft a defert, the king being fcarce- 
ly able to aflemble 30,000 men. The inhabitants are a 
mixture of Japaneie and Malays, with fome Portuguefe, 
who live without priefts, and have intermarried with the 
natives. Their religion is idolatry ; the meivare in gene¬ 
ral well made, with long hair, and of a yellow counte¬ 
nance ; their drefs is a long and large robe, that of the 
women (horter and clofer. The women are handfome, but 
immodeft. They manufafture exceeding fine cloth, and 
their needle-work is much admired. 
CAMBO'JA, or Mecon, or Micon, a river of Ada, 
which rifes in tire country of Thibet, paffes through the 
Chinefe province of Yunnan, the countries of Laos and 
Camboja, and runs into the Chinefe Sea, about lat. 10. N, 
CAMBO'JA, Cambodia, or Levek, a city of Afia, 
and capital of the country of Camboja, fitirated on a ri¬ 
ver which goes by the feveral names of Mecon, Camboja, 
or Micon. 
CAMBO'NA, a fmall ifland in the Indian fea, near the 
fouth coaft of the ifland of Celebes. Lat. 5. 22. S. Ion. 
125.45. E. Greenwich. 
CAMBO'NES, a town of France, in the department 
of the Tarn : feven miles eafl of Cadres. 
CAM'BOURNE, a fmall town in Cornwall, four miles 
well of Redruth, twelve weft of Truro, in the great weft- 
ern road leading from Truro to the Land’s End, and 269 
miles weft of London. It has three fairs annually, viz. 
March 7, June 29, and November 11 ; alfoa (how for cat¬ 
tle on Whit-Tuefday. The buildings difplay both uni¬ 
formity and elegance, the town lias the fined land and fea 
profpefts in the county, and is furrounded by many inclo- 
fures of rich and fertile paflures. 
About a mile fouth-eaft of the town is an old copper- 
mine called Dolcoath, lately flopped from working. It 
had one perpendicular (haft 172 fathoms, or 344 yards, in 
depth ; the yearly expence of working it, the lad twenty- 
one years, amounted on an average to 20,000!. The pro- 
Vol. Ill, Nd. 153. 
C A M 641 
fits, during that period, amounted to 80,oool. 'and up¬ 
wards; and the dues, of a twelfth of all the ores, paid to 
Sir Francis Ballet, Bart, during the fame period, amount¬ 
ed to 50,0001. About half a mile fouth-eaft is another 
valuable copper-mine, called Wheat Cons and Stray-park, 
now in working; this mine is on the eftates of the Rev. 
Sir Carew Vivian, Bart, and Sir Francis Ballet, Bart. At 
Penpopds, near the town, is a free-lchool, endowed for 
ever, by the late Mrs. Grace Percival, of Pendarves. for 
inflrufting twenty poor children of the parifh. Two miles 
north of Cambourne is Tehidy-park, a fine family feat of 
Sir Francis Ballet, Bart. 
CAMBRASI'NES, f. fine linen made in Egypt, of 
which there is a confiderable trade at Cairo, Alexandria, 
and Rofetta. They are called cambrafincs from their relem- 
blance to cambrics. 
CAMBRAY', a city of France, and principal place of 
a diftrifl, in the department of the North, lituated on the 
Scheldt: before the revolution, the capital of Cambrefis, 
and fee of an arehbifliop. It is large, contains ten pari fli¬ 
es, and about 3,000 houfes. The buildings are in gene¬ 
ral handfome, and the ftreets fpacious. The place of 
arms is of extraordinary dimenfions, and capable of re¬ 
ceiving the whole garrifon in order of battle. The prin¬ 
cipal manufactures are lace, cambric, (cap, and leather. 
In the year 1544, Cambray was taken by the emperor 
Charles V. I11 1596, it was befieged by the Spaniards, 
and the inhabitants compelled the governor to furrender. 
On the 23d of April, 1794, the French were defeated at 
Caefar’s Camp, in the neighbourhood, by the allied army, 
under the commamd of the duke of York; they left 1200 
men dead on the field of battle, with the lofs of their ge¬ 
neral Chapuv, 350 officers and privates taken prifoners, 
and twenty-two pieces of cannon. Cambray is thirteen 
pods fouth-fouth-weft of Bruflfels, three fouth-eaft of 
Douay, and twenty-one and three-quarters north-north-eaft 
of Paris. Lat. 50. 10. N Ion. 20. 53. E. Ferro. 
CAMBRAY' (Fenelon, arehbifliop of). See Fenelon. 
CAMBKEMER', a townof France, in the department 
of the Calvados, and chief place of a canton, in the dif- 
trift of Pont l’Eveque: five leagues eaft of Caen. 
CAM'BREN, or Cam'brel, f. a crooked flick, with 
notches on it, on which butchers hang their meat. 
CAMBlRE'SIS, before the revolution, a country of 
France, in t'lie environs of Cambray, which was the capital. 
CAM'BRIA, an ancient name for the principality of 
Wales. 
CAM'BRIC, /. [from Cambray, a city in Flanders, 
where it was principally made.] A kind ot fine linen, ufed 
for ruffles, women’s fleeves, caps, &c. 
Confed’rate in the cheat, they draw the throng, 
And cambric handkerchiefs reward the fong. Gay. 
There werd formerly feveral (iatutes againft the impor¬ 
tation and ufe of cambrics or French lavv'ns, (18 Geo. II. 
c. 36. 21 Geo. II. c. 26 ;) but now by flats. 27 Geo. 111 , 
c. 13, and 27 Geo. III. c. 32, cambrics, or French lawns, 
legally imported, may be v\orn or fold, and no perfon (hall 
be profecuted for having the fame in his poflfeffion. By 
flats. 4 Geo. 111 . c. 37, and 7 Geo. 111 . c.43, feveral re¬ 
gulations are made concerning the manufacturing and 
(lamping cambrics and lawns made in England ; and for¬ 
ging or counterfeiting the (lamp is felony without clergy. 
CXM'BRIDGE, the feat of a celebrated univerlity, 
and the county.town of Cambridgeffiire, fo called from its 
fituation on the Cam, which divides it into two unequal 
parts. . It was formerly a Roman flation, and a populous 
city ; extending from the caftle of Grandchefter to the 
caftle at Cbefterton, three miles in length, along the weft 
bank of the Cam; but the village of Grantchefter, two 
miles fouth-weft of the town, and the ruins of St. Giles’s 
and St. Peter’s, which form the two Extremities of mo¬ 
dern Cambridge, are the only remains of that ancient city. 
There are the veftiges of a Roman flation called Garauta, 
fltuated on an elevated fpot on the norfh-weft tide of the 
