CAMBRIDGE. 643 
France, and of Mary daughter of John earl of Richmond, 
and of Beatrice daughter of Eduard III. of England. 
She was baronefs of Voiffon and Montenai, and third wife 
of Andomair de Valentia earl of Pembroke, who was'kill- 
ed in a tournament on his wedding-day. After his death, 
Mary devoted herfelf to a£t~s of piety, and founded this 
college in 1343, which fire called the Haliof Mary de Va¬ 
lentia, or Pembroke-hall. She obtained a charter of in¬ 
corporation from Edward III. for twenty-four fellowfhips, 
and fix fcholarfhips; though fhe founded herfelf only fix. 
of the former and two of the latter. The fellowfhips, 
fifteen in number, are open to all counties. There are fe- 
veral inconiiderable fcholarfhips, befides five or fix of about 
30I. per annum, founded by Parkins, a citizen of London, 
for fuperannuates from Merchant Taylor’s fchcol, and one 
of 361. per ann. requiring the fame qualification, given by 
an old lady, to hold which no refidence is required. There 
are alfo three of 20I. given by Thomas Mofes to the head 
fcholar annually chofen from ChrifPs Hofpital. 
Corpus Chb.is.ti, (vulgo Bcne't-college, from its vici¬ 
nity to St. Benedict's church,) had an origin different from 
all others in the univerfity. It was founded in the year 
135°, by two guilds or focieties, viz. The guild of the 
Body of Chrift, and the guild of the bleffed Virgin Mary. 
Thefe two guilds, being united under the' patronage of 
Henry duke of Lancafter, obtained, through his media¬ 
tion, an authority from Edward III. to found their col¬ 
lege, and endowed it for one matter and two fellows. By 
the munificence of Sir John Cambridge, Henry Fangmore, 
and others, the number of fellowfhips was encreafed to 
eight, and two more were afterwards added by archbifhop 
Parker, which he appropriated to the city of Norwich ; 
and the fociety founded two others, appropriated to the 
county of Norfolk. The firtt fcholarfhip was endowed by 
the matter and fellows in the year 1457, to which a great 
number of others have fince been added of different va¬ 
lues by different benefaft.ors, 
Trinity-Hall, was anciently an hoftel for the enter¬ 
tainment of (indents before the foundation of colleges, but 
was enlarged by Richard Ling, alias Herling, chancellor 
of the univerfity, Walter Bachton, Thomas Walfingham, 
and others. John de Crawden, prior of Ely, obtained it 
from Edward 111 for his monks to ftudy in, but exchang¬ 
ed it, together with the lands for the advowfances of cer¬ 
tain reCtcries, with William Bateman, biihop of Norwich, 
a perfon well [killed in the civil and canon law. He ob¬ 
tained a licence from the king, in the year 1351, for the 
foundation of a college, and the appointment of a maf- 
ter, two fellows, and three fcholars, to be ttadents in the 
civil and canon laws, and one fellow to ftudy divinity and 
to be chaplain to the college. By fubfequent benefactors 
the fellowfhips are encreafed to twelve, ten of which may 
be held by laymen, and the other two are called divini¬ 
ty fellowfhips, the poffeffors being eligible to college liv¬ 
ings. No preference is given to particular counties, and 
no fellowfhip can be held with a living however inconfide- 
rable; a foundation different from all others. The lcho- 
larfliips are of little value ; though to be fcholar is a ne- 
eelfary qualification of a candidate for a fellowfhip. 
Gonvilke and Caius College was begun by Ed¬ 
mund de Gonville, reCtor of Rufhworth and Terrington 
in Norfolk, under a charter obtained from Edward III. 
1348. He laid the foundation, where tire gardens and 
tennis-court of Bene’t now (lands, and, dedicating it to 
the annunciation of the Virgin Mary, he called it Gonville- 
hall. At his death he left a fum of money to Dr. Bate¬ 
man, founder of Trinity-hall, for its completion, who re¬ 
moved its lite near to his own college, and endowed it with 
lands and tenements for a matter, four fellows, and two 
fcholars. In 1557, John Caius, M. D. added a new court, 
and built the three gates of Humility, Honour,! and Virtue. 
He alfo endowed it with feveral demefnes, and doubled 
the number of the fellowfhips. This fecond founder lies 
buried in the chapel, with this laconic epitaph, “ Fui 
Cains.” This college is ufually called Cains, or Keys, and 
has twenty-nine fellowfhips, fome of which are . open to 
all, and the reft appropriated to Norfolk, and the Norwich 
diocefe. There are alfo feventy-feven fcholarfhips, and 
fifteen exhibitions, which are difpofed of ad libitum. 
King’s College was founded in the year 1443, by 
Henry VI. who endowed it for the maintenance ot a pro- 
voftj feventy fellows and fcholars, three chaplains, fix 
clerks, fixteen chorifters anu a matter over them, (who is 
the organift,) fixteen officers of the foundation, befides 
twelve fervitors to the ffenior fellows, and fix poor fcho¬ 
lars. Eton, which was founded by that monarch about 
the fame time, furnifties a regular fucceflion of fcholars 
for this college, who, after three years refidence, are cho¬ 
fen fellows. This college has peculiar privileges: the 
provoft and fellows have abfolute authority within the 
walls, and are not under the jurifdicYion of the univerfity ; 
neither are its (Indents fubjeCt to the proctors, or other of¬ 
ficers. They are alfo exempted from difquifition in the 
public fchools, and from all examination for degree of ba¬ 
chelor of arts, and have the lingular privilege of wearing 
hats with the gowns as loon as they commence bachelors. 
The chapel belonging to this college is 316 by 84, and 90 
feet high, perhaps the fineft fpecirnen of Gothic architec¬ 
ture in the world. The architect was Cloos, fon of Ni¬ 
cholas Cloos, who was made fellow of the college in 1443, 
and afterwards bifliop of Litchfield. Tjhe interior ftruc- 
ture of this edifice is faid to have puzzled the great Sir 
Chriftopher Wren. Immenfe key-ftones, each a ton weight, 
are fufpended at equal diftances from the middle of this 
roof, which fupport the whole. Henry VII. extended the 
building 188 feet in length, and finiflled the fhell ; but 
the in fide, with the carved flails and painted windows, was 
completed by Henry VIII. 
Queen’s College was founded by Margaret of An¬ 
jou, wife of Henry VI. of England, and endowed by her 
with 200I. per ann. for ihe fupport of a prefident and four 
fellows. The firtt done was laid by Sir J. Wenlocke in 
1448 ; but the misfortunes of the queen prevented the com¬ 
pletion of lief undertaking. It was finifhed and iiicorpo- 
rated by queen Elizabeth, confort of Henry IV. whofe 
munificence was fo great, that (lie is annually commemo¬ 
rated as a co-foundrefs of the college. The prefent efta- 
blifhrpent confifts of nineteen fellowfhips, (two of which' 
are appropriated to the county of York,) forty-five fclio- 
larfliips, and eight exhibitions. 
Catherine-Hall was founded by Robert Woodlark, 
S. T. P. chancellor of the univerfity, who obtained a grant 
from Edward IV. in the year 1475, and appointed a maf- 
ter and three fellows to the government of it. Three fel¬ 
low fJiips, and thirty fcholarfhips, were foon added by va¬ 
rious benefactors, and Mrs. Ramden,„of Norton in York- 
fhire, has lately inftituted fix more fellowfhips, and ten 
fcholarfhips, both appropriated to Yorkfhire. 
Jesus-Coi.lege was formerly a convent of BenediCtine 
nuns, founded, in 1133, by Malcolm IV. king of Scot¬ 
land and earl of Huntingdon and Cambridge. This mo- 
naftery, falling into difrepute, was diffolved by a charter of 
Henry VII. and pope Julius II. and converted in 1496 in¬ 
to a college by John Alcock, bifliop of Ely. He placed 
over it a matter, fix fellows, and as many fcholars,. and de¬ 
dicated the college to Jefus, the Virgin Mary, and St. 
Rhadegund. The number of fellowfhips have fince been 
encreafed to fixteen; eight to be held by perfons born 
north, and eight by t’nofe born fouth, of the Trent. Two 
of thefe are elected by the bifhop of Ely. 
Christ’s College, fituated oppofite St. Andrew’s- 
church, was founded by lady Margaret, mother of Hen¬ 
ry VII. on the (ite of God’s Houfe, and endowed with 
poffefiions for a matter, twelve fellows, and forty-feven 
fcholars. It has one court, about 138 feet long and mo- 
broad, befides an uniform building of 130 feet in length 
next the gardens. There are now fifteen fellov/ftiips open 
to all counties, but only one fellow eligible at a time from 
