•644 cams: 
the fame county, except Yorkfliire, from which there may 
be two. The number'd' fcholarfliips is alfo encreafed to 
fifty-four. 
St. John’s College was built by the fame patronefs 
of learning in the year 1509, upon the fite of a difi'olved 
priory of the order of St. John the Evangelist. - After her 
death, the executors, in truth for the completion of her in¬ 
fant college, obtained a charter, and appointed a matter 
and thirty-one fellows. It confifts of three courts in length, 
and has a (lone bridge over the Cam. There are thirty- 
two original fellowlhips, with this reftriCtion, that only 
two can be held by men of the fame county; befides 
which, there are twenty-one founded by different county 
benefaCtors, and on the fame condition with the original 
ones. There are more than too fcho’arthips, befides-ex¬ 
hibitions. 
Mag d a len-Coli.ege, the only one fituated on the 
northern fide of the Cam, confifts of two courts, and owes 
its foundation to Edward Stafford duke of Buckingham, 
who built it, in 1519, on the ruins of St. Giles’s Priory, 
and called it Buckingkam^hall. It was afterwards ir.cotpo- 
lated under a grant of Henry VIII. obtained by lord Ba¬ 
con Audley, of Walden, chancellor of England, who gave 
it the prefent name, and eftablifhed a matter dnd four fel¬ 
lows, which have been fince encreafed to fixteen. The 
heirs of lord Audley have the mafterttiip at their difpofal. 
Trinity-College, the mod magnificent in the uni-, 
verfity, confiding of two fpac-ious quadrangles, ftands on 
the fite of two colleges and an hottel, viz. 1. St. Michael’s 
college, founded 1324'by Henry Stanton, or Stratton. 2. 
King’s hall, built by Edward III. 1376. 3. Phifwick’s 
hottel, which was converted for the life of the Undents in 
1393. Thefe were united by Henry VIII. and dedicated 
to the Holy Trinity in the year 1546. His endowments 
are fnfficient for the fupport of a matter, lixty fellows, 
■fixty-feven fchdlars, four conducfs, three public profeflors, 
&c. &c. lire whole number of the foundation amounting 
to 440. The fecond court was built by Dr. Neville, dean 
.of Canterbury, and matter of the college; Queen Mary 
ereCted the beautiful chapel belonging to this college, and 
confiderably encreafed its revenues. On the welt is the 
college library, the mod elegant ftruCture of the kind in 
tiie kingdom, 190 feet long, 40 broad, and 38 high with¬ 
in. Its entrance is by a ftaircafe, the tteps black marble, 
and the walls incrutted with ancient Roman monuments. 
Its infide appearance is inexprefiibly grand, having at the 
fouth end a beautiful painted glafs window of his prelent 
hiajelly George III. in his robes; and the claffes are large, 
beautiful, and noble, well ttocked with books, manuferipts, 
£cc. Itsoutfide haseyery fuitable embellifhment, and was 
ereCfed by Sir Chriftopher Wren at the expence of near 
20,oool. Under this building is a fpacious piazza of equal 
dimenfions ; out of w hich opens three gates to a lawn that 
leads to 1 lie river, over w'hich is a new elegant cycloidal 
bridge of three-arches, leading to extenfive walks. 
Emmanuel-College, containing one principal court, 
is fituated fouth-eaft of the town, and was founded by Sir 
Walter Miidmay, of Chelmsford in EflTex, on the fite of a 
Dominican convent. He endowed it, by charter of Eli¬ 
zabeth, for the maintenance of a matter, three fellows, 
and four fcholars. There are now thirteen open Mlow- 
lhips, and two appropriate; fifty fcholartttips, t.en poor 
fcholarfliips, and thirty-eight exhibitions, with different 
■re drift ions. 
Sid ney-Sussex-Coi, lege, on the eatt fide of Bridge 
ttreet, has two courts built of brick. Lady Frances Sid¬ 
ney, countefs.of Suffex, left by her will a provifion for the 
building of this college, and for endowing it with ten fel- 
lowfhipS and ten fcholarfliips; but the former were redu¬ 
ced to feven, from a deficiency in the legacy. It ftands 
on the fite of a Francifcan monaflery, built by Edward I. 
Its prefent fociety are a matter, nine foundation fellow- 
fhips, tnd twenty fcbolatttiips, all of which are open. 
There are alfo fume bye fellows and fcholars, and a few 
appropriate exhibitions. 
I I D G E. 
The chief public building belonging to the uni verfity is 
the Senate-House, which is fituated in the middle of 
the town, and forms'the north fide of a fpacious quadran¬ 
gle. It is an elegant ttrudture of Portland ftone, confid¬ 
ing principally of one noble room, built by Gibbs, the ar¬ 
chitect of the new building at King’s college, and coft 
near 16,pool. It is adorned with pilafters, and a (tone bul- 
, luftrade round the top ; the whole of the Corinthian or¬ 
der. Within is a gallery of Norway oak, capable of con¬ 
taining a thoufand perfons; and four beautiful ftatues; 
one of George I. on the north fide, and another oppofite of 
George II. At the eatt end is a Vandyke ftatue of the 
duke of Somerfet, and on the oppofite an Italian emble¬ 
matic figure of glory. In this edifice all the univerfity 
officers are eleCted, the magiftrates appointed, degrees con¬ 
ferred, and congregations held, by the fenate. This fit- 
perb room is 101 feet by 42, and 32 feet high ; the foun¬ 
dation of it was laid in 1722. 
The Public Library forms fire weftern fide of the 
fame fquare, having at the fouth-eaft corner a geometrical 
ftone ftaircafe leading to the old library, which contains 
eighteen claffes. At the end of this is a fquare room, in 
which are depottfed the MSS. and Oriental curiofitles. 
This room opens to two other apartments, containing twen¬ 
ty-fix large claffes, confining of 30,000 volumes, prefented 
the univerfity by George 1 . being the entire collection of 
Dr. Moor bifhop of Ely, and purchafed of the doctor’s 
executors by his majefty for 6000 guineas; before which 
his majefty gave the univerfity 2000I. to defray the expence 
of fitting up the apartments and erecting claffes for their 
reception; they confift of the firft editions of the Greek 
and Latin claftics and hiftorians, and the greateft part of 
the works of the firft printers; large collections of prints 
of the greateft matters ; and the celebrated Cambridge 
MS. of the Gofpels and ACts of the A pottles in Greek 
and Latin capitals, prefented to the univerfity by Theo¬ 
dore Beza. Underneath the library is a convenient room 
where Tome of the profeffors read their leClures. 
In a (mail court, behind the library, are the Public 
Schools, where philofophical difqiiifitions are held by the 
(indents during term-time. On the north fide of this court 
is the Divir.ity-School, and oppofite to it that for Law and 
Phyfic, where the candidates for profellional degrees per¬ 
form their refpeCtive exercifes. To the north of the Phi- 
lofophy-Schools is a room containing Dr. Woodward’s fof- 
fils, ores, minerals, (hells, and other rarities. Towards 
the eaftern part of the town is the Botanical Garden, of 
near five acres, having a large confervatory, and a conve¬ 
nient room, where chemical and other lectures are read. 
The plants are arranged according to the Linnaean fyftem, 
under the government of the vice-chancellor, and three 
heads of colleges; and fuperintended by a leCturer and 
curator. 
LAWS, CUSTOMS, and CEREMONIES. 
The fenate is compoled of the doCtors and matters of 
arts, and is divided into two houfes : 1. The regents, or 
white-hoods, (from their hoods, being lined with white 
filk,) are thofe who have not been matters of,arts five years. 
2. Lhe non-regents, or black-hoods, are all above that 
ftanding, who have not taken a doctor’s degree. All doc¬ 
tors can vote in which houfe they pleafe, and either hottfe 
has power to rejeCt a queftion ; but the election of mem¬ 
bers of parliament, and fume other decifions, are made by 
the body collective. The caput confifts of fix perfon.s, 
viz. The vice-chancellor, a doCtor of divinity, a doflor of 
laws, a doctor of phyfic, a regent, and a non-regent matter 
of arts; for which the vice-chancellor and each of the 
proCtors nominate five. No grace cart be brought before 
the (enate until it has palled the caput, each member of 
which has an effective negative vote. 
The univerfity is governed : 1. By a chancellor, who is 
generally a nobleman and the firft riiagiftrate, but can only 
hold his office for three years, unlels continued by the ta¬ 
cit confent of the univerfity. The chancellor’s court lias, 
• even 
