646 C A M 
Choptank river, about thirteen miles eaft-foutli-eaft from 
Cook’s Point, at its mouth ; nine miles weft-foutli-weft from 
Newmarket, and fifty-feven fouth-eaft from Baltimore. 
C AM'BRIDGL, a town of United America, in Frank¬ 
lin county, Vermont, (ituated on both tides La Moile ri¬ 
ver, about twenty miles weft of Lake Champlain. 
CAMBRIDGESHIRE, an inland county of England, 
bounded on the north-weft by Lincolnfliire, on the north 
by Norfolk, on the eaft by Suffolk, on the Couth by Effex 
and Hertfordfhire, and on the weft by the counties of 
.Bedford, Huntingdon, and Northampton, about fifty-two 
miles long, and twenty-fix broad. Prior to the arrival 
of the Romans, it was included in the ancient divifion of 
the Iceni; and, after their conqueft, in the third province 
of Flavia Caefarienfis, which reached from the Thames to 
the Humber. During the heptarchy it belonged to the 
kingdom of Eaft Angles, the fixth kingdom, which began 
5 n 575, and ended in 792, having had fourteen kings; and 
.it is now included in the Norfolk circuit, the diocefe of 
Ely, and province of Canterbury, except a fmall part, 
which is in the diocefe of Norwich. This county is divi¬ 
ded into feventeen hundreds, and contains one city (Ely), 
one univerfity (Cambridge), feven other market towns, 
and 103 parifhes. The market towns are, Newmarket, 
Royfton, Linton, Wifbeach, .Caxtcn, Marfli, and Soham ; 
Royfton is partly fituated in the county of Herts. The 
principal rivers are the Oufe and the Cam ; the river Oufe 
divides it nearly in the'centre, crofting it from weft to 
eaft ; the northern part is chiefly compofed of what is 
called the ljle of Ely , confiding of fennv land, divided by 
innumerable channels, with a few elevated fpots. All 
thefe low lands are naturally bogs, but have been, by 
infinite labour and expence, drained and converted into 
rich meadows, or fertile corn land ; the air is unhealthy, 
and the water brackifti, and, notwithftanding all the care 
and pains taken, the lands are Hill fubjeft to inundations. 
Tile fouth-weft part of the county is more elevated, and 
the air is more pure ; the fouth-eaft part is open and 
healthy, and but thinly inhabited. The principal pro¬ 
ductions of Cambridgefhire are corn, cheefe, butter, cole- 
feed, hemp, and faffron. In the fens are feveral decoys, 
in which incredible numbers of wild fowl are caught, and 
fent to London, Cambridge, and other places. Six mem¬ 
bers are returned to the Britifh parliament, viz. two for 
the county, and four for the town and univerfity of 
Cambridge. 
CAMBULU',yi in botany. See Bignonia. 
CAMBURG', a town of Germany, in the circle of 
LTpper Saxony, and principality of Altenburg : twenty- 
eight miles weft of Altenburg, and thirty-two fouth-weft 
of Leipfic. 
CAMBY'SES, king of Perfia, was fon of Cyrus the 
Great. He conquered Egypt, and was fo,offended at the 
fuperftition of the Egyptians, that he killed their god 
Apis, and plunde-red their temples. When he vvifhed to 
take Pelufium, he placed at the head of his army a num¬ 
ber of cats and dogs ; and'the Egyptians, refilling to kill 
their dogs, in attempting to defend themfelves, became 
an cafy prey, to the. enemy. Cambyfes afterwards fent an 
army of 50,000 men to deftroy Jupiter Ammon’s temple, 
and refolved to attack the Carthaginians and /Ethiopians. 
He killed his brother Smerdis from mere fufpicion, and 
flayed alive a partial judge, vvhofe (kin he nailed on the 
judgment-feat, and appointed his fon to fucceed him, tell¬ 
ing him to remember where he fat. He died of a fmall 
wound he had given himfelf with his fword as he mounted 
on horfeback ; and the Egyptians obferved, that it was 
the fame place on which he had wounded their god Apis, 
and that therefore he was viftted by the hand of the gods. 
His death happened 521 years before Chrift. He left no 
iffue to fucceed him, and his throne was ufurped by the 
magi, and afeended by Darius foon after., Herodotus .—A 
Perfian of obfeure origin, to whom king Aftyages gave 
his daughter Mandane in marriage. The king, who had 
been terrified by dreams which threatened the lols of his 
CAM 
crown by the hand of his daughter’s fon, had taken this 
Itep in hopes that the children of fo ignoble a bed would 
ever remain in obfeurity. He was diiappointed. Cyrus, 
Mandane’s fon, dethroned him when grown to manhood. 
JtJlin. —A river of Alia, which flows from mount Cau- 
calus into the Cyrus. Mela. 
CAM'DEN (William), one of the moft illuftrious men 
of his age, was born at London, May 2, 1551. His father 
was a native of Litchfield in Staffordfhire, but, fettling at 
London, became a member of, the company of paper- 
ftainers. His mother was defeended from the ancient fa¬ 
mily of the Curwens, of Workington, in Cumberland. He 
received the firft tinflure of learning in Chrift’s-hofpital; 
was afterwards fent to St. Paul’s-fchool ; and at fifteen 
entered as a fervitor at Magdalen-college in Oxford : he 
perfected himfelf in grammar learning in the fchool ad¬ 
joining, under Dr. Thomas Cooper, afterwards biftiop of 
Lincoln. Upon miffing a demi’s place, he went from 
thence to Broadgate-hall, now Pembroke-college, in the 
fame univerfity; where he remained two years and a half, 
under the tuition of Dr. Thomas Thornton, who being, 
advanced to a canonry of Chrift-clutrch, carried Camden 
along with him, and entertained him in his own lodgings. 
At this time his friendlhip commenced with the two Ca- 
rews, Richard and George ; the latter of whom was after¬ 
wards created earl of Totnefs. In 1570 he was defirous of 
being admitted B. A. but in this lie mifearried. The year 
following lie came to London, to profecute his ftudies ; 
Dr. Gabriel Goodman^ dean of Weftminfter, and Dr. 
Godfrey Goodman, his brother, fupplying him both with 
money and books. In 1573 lie returned to Oxford, where 
lie fupplicated again for the degree that had been refilled; 
him; and, his requeft being now granted, he took, but did 
not complete, it by determination. In 1575, Dr. Gabriel. 
Goodman procured him to be chofen fecond niafter of 
Weftminfter-fchool. While he difeharged this laborious- 
office with diligence and faithfulnefs, he was very atten¬ 
tive to whatever might contribute to the per-fedion of the 
work lie had in view', namely, “ A-Hiftory of the ancient: 
Inhabitants of Britain, tlieir Origin, Manners, and Laws;” 
which appeared in 1586, in Latin. The author himfelf. 
tells us, that he fpent ten years in compiling it; and that 
he was firft put upon it by Abraham Ortelius, the moft 
learned geographer of his age ; who, coming over to Eng¬ 
land, made an acquaintance with Camden, and correfpond- 
ed with him conftantly. He began to digeft his colledions 
the year after he came to Weftminfter, devoting to it his 
fpare hours and holidays. It was reprinted in 1587, and 
a third edition appeared in 1590. I11 1588, Dr. John Piers, 
biftiop of Sa-lifbury, conferred on Camden the prebend of 
Ilfracomb, which lie enjoyed during his life, without re- 
fidence, and without having been promoted to holy orders. 
In June, the fame year, lie fupplicated the univerfity of. 
Oxford for the degree of M. A. which defire of his was: 
granted on condition that he lliould (land in the aft fol¬ 
lowing ; but his adraiftion occurs not in their regifter. In 
1593, lie fticceeded Dr. Edward Grant, as head-mafter of 
Weftminfter-fchool. The year following he publiflied the' 
fourth edition of his Britannia, corrected and very much- 
enlarged. In 1597, he publifhed a new Greek grammar, 
which was received in all the public fcliools in England. 
Dr. Smith fays, that this grammar had at that time run 
through very near one hundred impreftions. Its author- 
was the fame year promoted to be Clarencieux king at 
arms.. In 1600, he fent abroad an account of all the mo¬ 
numents of the kings, queens, nobles, and others, in Well, 
minfter-abbey, with their inferiptions. This year alfo 
came out the fifth edition of his Britannia ; to which was. 
annexed, an apology to the reader, in anfwer to what had. 
been publiftied by Rafe Brooke to the prejudice of his. 
work. In 1603, a colledion of our ancient liiftorians ap¬ 
peared at Francfort, by Camden’s care, under the title of 
“ Anglica, Normannica, Hibernica, Cambrica, a veteribus 
deferipta ; ex quibus After Menevenfis, anonymus de vita 
Gulielmi Conquaeftoris, Thomas Walfingham, Thomas de 
