C A M 
age, &c. by means of hot irons, which are a kind of moulds, 
palled, together with the duff, under a profs. Thefe are 
chiefly brought from Amiens and Flanders : the commerce 
of thefe was anciently much more considerable than at pre¬ 
lent. Watered camlets, after weaving, receive a certain pre¬ 
paration with water; and are palled under a hot-prefs, 
which gives them a fmoothnefs and 1 uAre. Waved, camlets, 
are thole whereon waves are impreffed, as on tabbies; by 
means of a calender, under which they are palled and re¬ 
paired fe'veral times. 
CAME'LUS,y. [y.eifM Ao?, Gr. -from Sbj Heb.] The 
camel, or dromedary ; a genus of quadrupeds belonging to 
the order of pecora. The characters of the camel are 
thefe : it has no horns ; it has fix fore-teeth in the under 
jaw ; the lunarii are wide fet, three in the upper and two 
in the lower jaw ; and there is a Allure in the upper lip, re- 
fcmbling a cleft in the lip of a hare. The lpecies are : 
i. The dromedarius, or Arabian camel, with one bunch, 
or protuberance on the back. The height of this animal, 
from the top of its bunch to the ground, is lix feerlix 
inches ; its head is final! ; its ears fliort ; its neck long, 
(lender, and bending : the hoofs are in part divided ; the 
bottom of the foot is tough and pliant; the tail is long, and 
terminates in a tuft of hair of confiderable length. On the 
legs this animal has fix callofities ; four on the tore legs, and 
two on the hinder; belides another on the lower part of the 
bread:. Thefe are the parts on which it reds, when it lies 
down to repofe. Its hair is fine, loft* and of confiderable 
length ; longed upon the bunch, the neck, and the throat: 
in the middle of the tuft terminating the tail, .the hair is 
foft and fine : on the exterior parts, coarle, and often 
black : on the protuberance it is dufky ; over the red of 
the body, of a reddidi alh colour. This animal podelfes 
•the powers of fenfation in an eminent degree. His eye is 
fflfficiently acute: he is faid to fmell water at half a league 
didance: his fade indeed is not very refined ; for he eats, 
with high fatisfaiSlion, thidles, acacia (hrubs, and other in- 
fipid plants of a fimilar nature ; his ear is not infendble to 
the power of mulic ; even in his native climate, and in the 
bed condition, he has a pitiful complaining alpeCt ; his 
manners are gentle, peaceable, and lubmiflive. The un¬ 
ruly horfe fubmits to redraint, and receives a rider or a 
burden, with indignant impatience; but the camel kneels 
obligingly for his mader to load him, or mount upon his 
back. Though of a heavy and apparently unwieldy form, 
this animal moves with confiderable fpeed. With a bale of 
goods on his back, an ordinary camel will travel a journey 
of many days, at the rate of (even or eight leagues a-day. 
Some of a fuperior breed, and trained, not for beads of 
burthen, but folely for the purpofes of travelling and war, 
have been known to travel at the rate of thirty leagues a- 
■day; though bearing, each, two or three foldiers, with 
their war equipage : yet it is not the quicknefs of his mo¬ 
tions, but the length of his legs, his travelling with a 
heady, equal, pace, and his feldom needing to dop forced 
or re I refitment, -that enables this animal to perform fuch 
journeys. The padion of love exerts (he lame infuriating 
influence on this as on the other fpecies of the animal crea¬ 
tion. His negligence of food, his wild cries, the foam if- 
fiiing from his mouth, and the refllellhefs of Ins motions, 
all indicate the violence of the impulfe he then feels. Be r 
coming a dranger even to the perfon of his mader ; his 
jaws mud be confined with a drong muzzle, otherwise he 
bites furioufly and indiferiminately. Their mode of copu¬ 
lating differs from that of all other quadrupeds : the fe¬ 
male kneels to receive the rfiale, who being retromingent, 
his commerce with the female is difficultly attained. After 
going nearly a year with her young, (he brings only one at 
a birth ; which (he fuckles and rears with due tendernefs : 
it is left under her care for twelve months. They live at 
lead forty or fifty years. The remote fandy deferts feem 
to be their favourite abode. They have, in all ages, been 
known in Syria and Paledine : they have penetrated even 
into Barbary and Morocco, and the burning regions near 
the line: they abound in Hindoodanand China, and other 
Vol. 111 . No. j53, 
E L U S. . ' 649 
countries in the Eaft Indies. Not only the negroes, but 
alio the camels, of Africa, have been introduced by the 
European planters into the Wed-India iflands. Attempt-) 
have been made to enrich Europe with them ; but thole 
which have been imported, have all either died without 
procreating their fpecies, or produced a puny fickly pro¬ 
geny, that fcarcely furvived their birth. Yet in the drier 
and more mountainous parts of Tartary, Perda, and Tur¬ 
key, where the temperature of the air is not milder than 
in the fou'thern countries of Europe, camels thrive even 
better than in hotter climates ; a circumdance which af¬ 
fords a prefumption, that judicious treatment might pre- 
lerve and multiply the fpecies, at lead in Italy, France, and 
Spain. 
Were it not for the camel, the wilds of Arabia would 
fcarcely be habitable by mankind. Its fandy plains mud 
have hitherto remained unexplored, did not this animal 
prefent itfelf to condinT the traveller through thofe dreary 
regions. He who is by any unfortunate accident deprived 
of his camel in.that journey, inevitably perilhes. In vain 
might the Arab exneCt his horfe to convey him through a 
country where he mud travel, perhaps, fora long feries of 
days, without approaching any human habitation ; without 
finding a brook, a well, or even a puddle, from which he 
might quench Iris third, or a few tufts of grafs to alia' his 
hunger. The graceful form, the keen fpirit, the generous 
magnanimity, of that animal, qualify him not for fuch :■ 
talk. But the.camel, patient, fubmidive, and indefatigable; 
unlubdued by toil, by heat, by hunger, or by third ; con¬ 
tent with little food, and that little of the limpled kind ; 
and having Iris feet armed by nature with a tough and 
yielding fubdance, on which, the dipping land, or pointed 
dones, can make no iinpreffion; feems dellined to enlarge 
the abilities of man, and to afiid him to triumph over the 
auderity and barrennefs of nature. Hence the Arabians 
regard the camel as a prefent from heaven, a facred animal, 
without whofe abidance they could neither fubfid, carry on 
trade, nor travel. With their camels, they not only want 
for nothing, but have nothing to fear. In one day they can 
perform a journey into the defert, which cuts off every ap¬ 
proach from their enemies. All the armies of the world 
would peridi in purfuit of a troop of Arabs. Hence they 
never fubmit, unlefs from choice, to any power. With a 
view to his predatory expeditions, the Arab indrufts, rears, 
and exereifes, his camels. A few days after'their birth, he 
folds their limbs under their belly, forces them to remain 
on the ground, and, in this fituation, loads them with a 
heavy weight, which is never removed but for the purpofe 
of replacing a greater. Indead of allowing them to feed 
at pleafure, and to drink when tjtey are dry, he begins with 
regulating their meals, and makes- them gradually travel 
long journeys, diminifliing, at the fame time, the quantity 
of their aliment. As they acquire their drength, they are 
trained to the courfe. He excites their emulation by the 
example of the horfe, and, in time, renders them more 
robud. In fine, after he is certain of tli,e drength, fleet- 
nefs, and docility, of his camels, lie loads them both vyith 
his own and their food, fets.off with them, arrives ur,per¬ 
ceived at the confines of the defert, robs the firb paffen- 
gers he meets, pillages the lolitary honfes, loads his ca¬ 
mels with the booty, and, if purfued, he is obliged to ac¬ 
celerate his retreat. It is on thefe occafions that he unfolds 
his own talents, and thofe of the camels. He mounts one 
of tlte fleeted, conducts the-troop, and makes them travel 
night and day, without, almod, either -hopping, eating, or 
drinking; and, in this manner, lie eafily performs a journey 
of three hundred leagues in eight days. During this period 
of motion and fatigue, his camels are perpetually loaded, 
and he allows them each day, one hour only of repofe, and 
a ball of pade. They .often run in this manner nine or ten 
days, without finding water ; and when, by chance, they 
feent a pool at fome didance, double their pace, and they 
drink as much at once as ferves them for the time that is 
pad, and as much to come ; for their journeys often lad 
fcveral weeks, and their abdinence continues an equal time,' 
S C Of 
