CAM 
aqueous fluid could be prefTed out 7 n abundance. It is un¬ 
certain whether this be common to the whole race, or 
merely accidental j if general, Mr. Kerr conjefttires it to 
be a provilion of nature to carry off the perfpirable matter, 
by a partial emun&ory, to lave the vail wafte which pro- 
fufe perfpiration mtifl occafion, in the torrid and- waterlefs 
defects of Alia, Arabia, and Africa. 
2. Camelus Badrianus, or Badrian camel. This animal is 
difjinguilhed from the foregoing fpecies, in that it has two 
bunches, the body longer, the tail lower, and the hair 
rhoflly of a yellowilh brown ; jnftead of which the Ara¬ 
bian camel, or dromedary, has only one bunch, and that 
very high, and'which is generally covered with a(h-co- 
loured hair. Thefe animals are naturally tradable, and 
of great ftrength ; for they can carry from fifteen hundred 
to two thoufand pounds weight, and travel faller than the' 
other camels, many leagues a-day, without eating; and alfo 
like them will continue without drinking for twelve days 
together. Thefe animals often weigh three thoufand 
pounds, and are from fix to eight feet high. The form of 
their body is neither difproportionable nor ugly : the head 
and noftrils are oblong ; and the lips and mouth like tliofe 
of a goat : its cutting teeth are very large, and at a great 
diftance from the canine teeth, of which there are three in 
the upper jaw, and two in the under : the ears are hairy, 
i’mall, and fomething like thole of a horfej the neck is 
thick and handfomely arched ; it lies low in the back, and 
feems to be inferted between the fore legs: from the 
throat, as far as the bread, it is adorned with beautiful 
hair, long and curled, of an erected pofture : the whole 
bbdy is covered with the fame, which on the back is yel- 
lowilh ; towards.the belly, brown ; and under quite dark : 
the belly is grey ; under the bread a hard (kin forms a 
kind of fhield or defence, which comes down in a point 
towards the fore-legs, fo that, when he firs down, he reds 
himfelf entirely upon it: there is a thick protuberance 
growing round the thigh, crowned with a tu-ft of long 
black hair ; from that place the legs feem to leflen to¬ 
wards the bottom, where they again grow large : the hoofs 
are cloven; the fore-feet much larger than the hind, proba¬ 
bly becaufe the fore-part of the body carries the greateft 
lhare of burden : the tail is fiiort, adorned at the end with 
a tuft of hair; the-Ikin'is thick and hard; on this ac¬ 
count force naturalids fuppofeall perfpiration is fuppreffed, 
and that this may be the reafon why the animal drinks fo 
feldom. The Baitrian camel is extremely hardy, and in 
great life among the Tartars and Mongols, from the Caf- 
pian Sea_to the empire of China, ft bears even fo fevere 
a climate as 1 that of Siberia, being found about the lake 
Baikal, where the Burats and Mongols keep great num¬ 
bers. Here they live during winter'on willows, and other 
trees, and are by this diet reduced very lean. They lofe 
their hair in April, and go naked all May amidd the frods 
of that fevere climate. There are feveral varieties among 
thefe camels. What is called the Maihary, and Raguahl, 
is very fwift. The lad, which has a delicate lhape, and is 
much inferior in fize, never carries burdens ; but is ufed 
to ride on. They ate trained for running-matches:. and in 
many places for carrying couriers, w ho can go above too 
miles a day on them, for nine or ten days together, over 
burning deferts, unhabitable by any living creature. In 
Wedern Tartary there is a white variety, very beautiful, 
and facred to the idols and prieds. The Chinefe call tlrem 
by the expreffive name of Fong Kyo Fo, or camels with feet 
of the wind. This fpecies is very rare, being an exotic, 
and only kept by the great men. It is to this fwift and de¬ 
licate variety that the name of dromedary ought exclufively 
to belong ; as that word is derived from the Greek fyo/coc, 
which fignifies fwift running ; whereas, in general, the ani¬ 
mal with one bunch is called dromedary, that with two, 
camel. This breed is found in the highed perfeilion in 
China, and Wedern Tartary, from which latter country 
the individual came, which is reprefented in the annexed 
engraving. In Perfia a hybrid race is cultivated between 
the Arabian and Badtrian fpecies; this is in high eflhna 
3 
E I* U Sj 651 
tion, as being ftronger, hardier, and more generally ufefuh 
than the parent dock. It is capable of reproduction ; but 
the breed degenerates, and is therefore never perfect but 
in the fird generation. 
3. Camelus glama, or Peruvian camel, which in its 
manners bears fo conliderable a relemblance to the drome¬ 
dary and camel of Alia and Africa, that, notwithftanding 
the inferiority of its fize, naturalids agree in confidering it 
as a congeneric fpecies. The glama is fcarcely four feet 
and a half high, and not more than fix feet in length ; his 
neck is arched, but not fo much as the camel’s; his back 
does not rife into a bunch ; his tail is graceful ; his feet 
are elegantly formed ; he has a bunch on his bread, which 
condantly exudes a yellowilh oily matter ; his hair is long 
and foft ; his colours are of a beautiful cloudingof black, 
white, and a dulky yellow ; his body is often fw’elled with 
a conliderable depth of fat, immediately under the (kin ; 
his head is not armed with horns ; his nofe is fliort ; his 
hoofs are divided ; his eyes are large, black, and fpark- 
ling. In the flrudiure of his domach, he has four ventri¬ 
cles, one of which is cellular : he has neither cutting nor 
canine teeth in his upper jaw ; his feet are armed with a 
fort of fpur, which aflifts in fupporting the animal on rug¬ 
ged difficult ground ; his wool or hair is long on his (lank 
and belly, but fliort on his back, crupper, and tail : his 
voice is a fort of neighing. Though naturally mild and 
inoffenfive, he defends himfelf when teized or attacked, by 
butting, kicking, and fpitting at his-enemyan acrid faliva, 
which inflames and blifters the (kin. His motions are flow; 
he bears up his head, and walks on with a grave, regular, 
majeflic, pace: he eats but little,and fcarcely ever drinks r 
his food is the coarfed and mod ordinary plants. With the 
mildnefs, the-glama poflefles all the obdinacy of the camel. 
He cheerfully receives any load to which his drength is 
not unequal ; and, if the place to which his burthen is to 
be conveyed be known to him, he proceeds to it without a 
guide. But when overloaded, or fatigued with travelling, 
he fquats down on his belly, with his feet under him ; and 
no feverity of blows will compel him to rife. Comprefling 
the teflicles often fucceeds, when every other art has been 
tried in vain. He feels the tranfports of the genial paflion 
in the end of ftimmer, or beginning of autumn. He is 
then actuated with extraordinary violence. Yet the ftruc- 
tureof the parts, in both the male and the female, renders 
copulation a very tedious and difficult talk. Mari penis 
longus, tenuis, rctroflcxus, Jub finam cvjlatis coit fere fur ans ; 
foemince vulva angujla. A whole day is neceffary to complete 
the contact. The male glama (ometimes compels flic- 
goats to receive his embraces ; but does not impregnate 
them. The female goes five or fix months with young; 
but never produces more than one at a birth. The young 
male becomes capable of procreation at the age of three 
years. The term of his life never extends much beyond 
fourteen. Peru is the native country of the glama. He has 
been fettled by nature on the mountains of that elevated 
tract of country. The fpecies at prefent abound through 
the whole extent of the kingdom of Peru, from Potofi to 
Caraccas; and the induftry of the Spaniards has propa¬ 
gated them through other parts of their American domi¬ 
nions, When tire Spaniards find penetrated into South 
America, they were aftoniflied to find it deflitnte of the 
domeftic animals to which they had been accuftdmed iu 
Europe. The Indians had no horfes, oxen, afies, or mules, 
to aflilt their induftry. The glama and the pacos were the 
only animals which they cultivated as domeftic. Rude and, 
inartificial as were their manners,they had learned, not only 
to load the glama as a bead of burthen, but alfo to yoke 
him in the plough. The Spaniards, upon fettling in Peru, 
foon found that this animal was not ill qualified tor the la¬ 
bours in which the nature of the country induced them to 
have recourfe to its affiftance. The roads were fo rugged 
and uneven, thatabeafr, lefs hire footed, or of a temper 
lefs cool and phlegmatic, could fcarcely travel along them 
with fafetv. For the labours of the mines, a creatnre-ofa 
more impetuous generous fpirit would have been very ill 
qualified. 
