6 S 2 C A M 
qualified. The glama conveys the ore of Potofi over the 
mod; rugged hills, and through tlie narrowed parts of the 
Andes. He fears not to dcfcend precipices, and climb 
deep afcents, where even man himfelf dares not accompany 
him. An hundred and fifty pounds is his ordinary load. 
The ft rouged cany two hundred. With this load, the ani¬ 
mal will travel four or five days without indicating the 
fmalleft fatigue. He flops to reft, without waiting for the 
directions of his driver ; and obftinately repofes a whole 
day, before he can be made to refume his journey. Re¬ 
quiring but a final! portion of food, he takes that by brow¬ 
ning, as he travels, on any fhrubs or herbage that happen 
to fringe his path. At night he only reds and ruminates. 
Befides fervingas a bead of burthen, the glama affords 
various articles of no fmall utility to human life. His 
wool, though of a ftrong difagreeable (cent, is ufed as a 
material for cloth. It forms fo thick a covering on the 
animal, that he needs not a laddie to protedt his back under 
a load. His (kin is of a very firm texture ; and is accord¬ 
ingly made into fhoes by the Indians, and ufed for harneftes 
by the Spaniards. Theflefh, efpecially of theyoungglama, 
is wholefome, and of a pleafant tafte. As our principal 
domeftic animals, the horfe, the afs, the fheep, and the 
goat, have., by tiie care of the European fettlers, been in¬ 
troduced into America; fo the glama has alTo been im¬ 
ported into Europe. But the climate of Spain, the coun¬ 
try into which he lias been brought, has always proved too 
hot for him. Norway, Scotland, or tlie fummits of the 
Alps or Pyrenees, might.perhaps prove more favourable ; 
the temperature of thefe regions approaching nearer to the 
cold of the Andes. In a wild date, they keep in great 
/herds in the higheft and deeped parts of the hills ; and, 
while they are feeding, one ftands centinel on'the pinnacle 
of fome rock : if it perceives the approach of an enemy, 
it neighs ; the herd takes the alarm, and goes off with in- 
.credible fpeed. They outrun all dogs, and there is no 
other way of killing them but with the gun. 
4. Cantelus huanacus, or guanaco, in form and manners 
fo nearly refembles the glama, that he has been viewed by 
fome naturahds as merely a glama in a wild Hate. But, 
.as belides various other diflindtions of character, the gua¬ 
naco, whether tame or wild, conftantly refufes to intermix 
with the glama, we cannot hedtate t.o rank thefe animals 
as diftindt fpecies. The guanaco inhabits that range of 
mountains in South ^America, called the Cordilleras. The 
feverities of winter oblige him to defeend into the plains 
of Chili and Peru. A full-grown guanaco is about feven 
feet in length ; and four feet three inches in height: his 
ears referuble thofe of a horfe ; his tail is formed like that 
of a dag; the upper parts of the body are yellow, the 
lower white : hehas .no protuberance on his bread, but 
has a kind of hunch or arched back his fore-feet are 
longer than thofe behind, hence he moves with a fort of 
leaping pace'. This fpecies are gregarious. On'the fum¬ 
mits of the Cordilleras, they often aflemble in flocks of 
feveral hundreds. They are ftronger and more adtive than 
the glama. The valite of their fleeces renders them an 
.objedt of confiderable proftt to the Indian hunter. When 
he furprifes them in places of eafv accefs, he cannot fail 
of being ftuccefsful ; but give them time to efcape among 
the precipitous cliffs, which are their favourite haunts, 
.and both men a'nd dogs mud dedd in difappointment from 
the purfuit. Their fledt is excellent when young ; in an 
adult date it is ft.bed, and is capable of very long prefer- 
vation. Thefe animals feem incapable of fubfiftiqg in ei¬ 
ther a warm climate, or a thicker atmofphere, than that 
.of the elevated region in which they at prefent abound. 
5. Camehu pacos': which is, in fkape, nearly flmilar to 
the glama, but much inferior in (ize, and is covered with 
long fine wool, fame times entirely black, and fometimes 
.of a brown colour, intermixed with yellow. Indignity it 
deems to bear nearly the fame relation to the glama as the 
afs bears to the horfe. The pacos, as well as the glama 
itnd 'he guanaco, is confined to that dupendoits range of 
mountains, which terminates the fouthera extremity of the 
€ A AT 
American continent. His fleece is an article of great va¬ 
lue. It is manudftlured into gloves, dockings, bed-clothes, 
and carpets. Neither the beaver of Canada, the goat of 
Angora, nor the fheep of Ca/amania, afford a finer mate¬ 
rial for doth than the pacos. His wool feels like fillc, and 
is fold at as high .a price. His fledr is eaten, though not 
very delicate food. 
6. Camdus vicugna, in figure, and in the form of his 
tail, fomewhat refembles our goat. But his neck is twen¬ 
ty inches in length ; his head thick, (hort, and deftitute of 
horns; his ears fmall, erefft, and fharp-pointed. His wool 
is fborter, but dill finer, than that of the pacos, of a beau¬ 
tiful rofe-colour, and of fuch a nature that any dye can be 
eafily fixed upon it. His belly often aft'ords a bezoar. 
This is a wild, but gregarious, animal. Like the glama, 
the guanaco, and the pacos, he climbs the lofty cliffs of 
the Cordilleras. The greated numbers are found in the 
provinces of Chili, Coquimbo, and Copiapo. Naturalids 
have generally regarded the vicugna as being no other than 
the pacos in a wild date. But, however favourable cir- 
cumftances may be, the intercourfe of love never takes 
place between them. The vicugna is remarkably fwift 
and timid, yet formed to endure the fevered extremities 
of cold. It is fcarcel.y pofiible to tame one of thefe crea¬ 
tures. Their fleeces are a very alluring prize to the In¬ 
dian hunters. Their flefti too is very delicate and juicy. 
The method of taking them, is to drive a flock, or as ma- 
ay as pofllble, into fome narrow defile, fttrrounded, to the 
height of three or four feet, with cords, hung with fmall 
pieces of linen or woollen cloth; thefe wave and flutter 
in the wind, and fo affright and confound the timid ani¬ 
mals, that they cannot poffibly make their efcape. 
7. Camelus araucanus, or Chilihucque, approaches very 
much to an affinity with fheep. Its ears are oval ; lips 
thick and pendulous ; nofe long and arched ; tail like that 
of the flieep; and its body is covered with long and very 
foft wool. It is fix feet in length, and four in height, va¬ 
rying™ colour to white, brown, black, and grey. This 
fpecies inhabits Chili, and were anciently employed by 
tiie Chilians as beads of burden. They were led by a cord 
palled through the nofe. Before the conqueft of America 
their wool was matnifadlured into cloth,, but has been dif- 
ufed lince the introduction of flieep. The Chilians love 
the flefli, but never kill the animal except on great and 
folemn occalions. 
CA'MEN, or Ka'men, a town of Germany, in the cir¬ 
cle of Weftphalia, and county of Marck: twenty miles 
fouth of Munfler. 
CA'MENZ, a town of Lufatia, twenty-one'miles north- 
eafl of Drefden, and thirteen weft-north-weft of Bndiflen. 
CA'MEO. See Camaieu. 
CA'MERA,/". [from the old German, cam ; cammcr, 
crooked; whence comes our Englifh ken-bo ; ‘arms in kern- 
bo.’J Camera at firft fignified any winding or crooked plat 
•of ground ; as, Unam earner am terra, i.e. ‘ a nook of land 
Du Frcfn. Afterwards the word was applied to any vault¬ 
ed or arched building ; and it was ufed in the Latin law 
proceedings for the judge’s chamber, &c. cameraJlcllala t 
‘ the flar chamber,’ &c. 
CA'MERA HiO'LIA, a name given by Kircher to a 
contrivance for blowing the fire, for the fufion of ores, 
without bellows. This is eftedled by means of water fall¬ 
ing through a funnel into a dole veflel, which fends from 
it fo much air or vapour as continually blows the fire. 
CA'MERA LU'.CIDA, a contrivance of Dr. Hook for 
making the image of any thing appear on a wall in a light 
room, either by day or night. Oppofite to the place dr wall 
where the appearance is to be, make a hole of at lead a 
foot in diameter, or, if there be a high window with a 
cafement of this dimenlion in it, this will do much better. 
At a convenient diflance, to prevent its being perceived 
by the company in the room, place the objedt or pidfure 
intended to be reprefented, but in an inverted fituation. 
If the pidture be tranfpnrent, refledt the fun’s rays by 
means of a looking-glals, fo as that they may pafs through 
k 
