6 S 6 C A M 
and have recourfe to arms. Me was lent to Ceuta in Af¬ 
rica, which the Portuguefe were in pcffeffion of at that 
time, and'acquitted himfelf like a good foldier upon ma¬ 
ny occafions, but at.lad had the misfortune to lofe one of 
his eyes, in defence of that town aguinft the Moors. From 
thence he returned to Portugal, but did not yet find hi;n- 
felf in a condition-to live as lie wi fixed, and therefore went 
in an expedition to the-Ead Indies. In this abfence he 
compofed a great many poems, which gained him the af¬ 
fection of the commanding-officer and others, who had a 
tinflure of polite literature ; but, happening unluckily to 
be fevere upon one who did not underdand the privilege 
of poets, he was forced to withdraw to be out of the reach 
of his anger. He went to the frontiers of China, where 
he found means of being conveyed to Goa, and thence to 
Portugal. In his paffage thither, he was Ihipwrecked by 
a dorm, loft all his effects, and with great difficulty faved 
his life. In the midft of all this danger he had the pre- 
fence of min'd to preferve his Lufiadas, which he held in 
his left hand, while he fvvam with his right. As loon as 
lie was fettled again in his own country, he put the finifh- 
Ing hand to this poem, and dedicated it in 1569 to Don 
Sebaftian, king of Portugal, in hopes of making his for¬ 
tune by it. But that prince being very young, and the 
courtiers no admirers of poetry, the unfortunate Camoens 
was entirely difappointed. He did not however travel 
again in fearch of farther adventures, but fpent the re¬ 
mainder of his life at Lilbon ; where, to the eternal re¬ 
proach of his countrymen, he died miferably poor and un¬ 
regarded, in 1.579. 
It is generally agreed, that Camoens had a mod uncom¬ 
mon genius for poetry ; that he had an abundance of that 
vivida vis animi, which is ncceffary to conftitute a poet; 
that lie had a fertile invention, a fublime conception, and 
an eafe and aptitude in his temper which could accommo¬ 
date itfelf to any fubjedf. Nicholas Antonio, from whom 
we colledled the above circumftances of his life, fays, 
that “ lie perfectly fucceeded in all fubjeefs of the heroic 
kind; that lie had a peculiar talent in deferibing perfons 
find places; that his comparifons were great and noble, 
his epifodes very agreeable and diverfified, yet never lead¬ 
ing his reader from the principal object of his poem ; and 
that he had mixed a great deal of learning in it, without 
the leaft appearance of affectation and pedantry.” Rapin 
has criticifed the Lufiadas fomewhat feverely, and tells us, 
that, as divine a poet as Camoens may pafs for with the 
Portuguefe, yet he is exceptionable on many accounts. 
But, notwfthflanding Rapin’s criticifm upon this poem, it 
has been often re-printed, and tranflated into feveral lan¬ 
guages. It has been tranflated once into French, twice 
into Italian, four times into Spaniffi ; and lately, with un¬ 
common excellence, into Englifh, by Mr. Mickle. It was 
tranflated into Latin by Thomas de Faria, bifhop.of Targa 
in Africa; who, concealing his name, and faying nothing 
,of its' being a tranflation, made many believe that it was 
originally in Latin. Large commentaries have been writ¬ 
ten upon rite Lufiadas ; the mod confiderable of which are 
thofe of Emanuel-Faria de Soufa, printed in 2 vols. folio, 
at Madrid, 1639. Thefe commentaries were followed the 
year after with the publication of another volume in folio, 
written to defend them ; befides eight volumes of obfer- 
vations upon the mifceilaneous poems of Camoens, which 
•this commentator left behind him in manufeript. We can¬ 
not conclude our notices of this poet, without lamenting, 
that his great merit, like that of our countryman Milton, 
was not known or at lead not acknowledged until after his 
death. 
CAMO'GLI, a town of Italy, in the date of Genoa, 
near lire fea coalt: thirteen miles eafi of Genoa. 
CAMOIL', a town of France, in the department of 
JVIorbihan, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt of 
] a Roche Bernard : one league and a half weft-fouth-weft 
jof Roche Bernard. 
CA'MOMILE,/ in botany. See Anthemis. 
CAiYiO'RA. See Zamora. 
C A M 
CAMOR'TA, a fmall ifland in the bay of Bengal. 
Lat. 8. 8. N. Ion. 94. 3. E. Greenwich. 
CAMOY'S, [caMs. Fr.] Flat; level; depreffed. 
It is only vjed of the nefe. —Many Spaniards, of the race of 
B*irbary Moors, though after frequent commixture, have 
not worn out the camoys nofe unto this day. Brozvn. 
CAMP,/. [_campo, It. and Sp. campe , Sax. of campus., 
Lat. ‘a field ;’ all of kamp , kampe, or hampf, Teut. and that 
of camp, Celt, ‘a fight.’ It is not tire cafe of the Latin 
word campus alone; a vaff number of other Latin words 
have a double (ignification, one very ancient, but by-de¬ 
grees obliterated, and the other more modern, and properly 
owing to the Auguftan age; and thefe (ignifications are 
very eafily diftitiguiffied, as Perizonius, in his anfvver to 
Kuller, very well obferves.] A fpot of ground where an 
army refits, intrenches itfelf, or plants a picquet guard, 
that they may lodge fecure in tents. We ufe the phrafe, 
‘ To pitch a camp ,’ to fignify to encamp: 
From camp to camp, through the foul womb of night. 
The hum of either army ftilly founds. Shakefpcare. 
For the rules and principles of pitching and fortifying 
modern camps, fee the article Tactics. 
The ancients varied confiderably in the form and me¬ 
thod of their camps. The Hebrew encampment was of a 
quadrangular form, furrounded with an enclofure of the 
height of ten hands-breadth. It made a fquareof twelve 
miles in compafs about the tabernacle ; and within this 
was another called the Levites camp. The Greeks had alfo 
their camps, fortified with gates and ditches. The Lace¬ 
daemonians made their camp of a round figure, looking 
upon that as the molt perfect and defenfible of any form : 
we are not, however, to imagine, that they thought this 
form fo effential to a camp, as never to be difpenled with 
when the circumftances of the place required it. In the 
Grecian camps, it may be obferved, that the moll valiant 
of the foldiers were placed at the extremities, the reft: in 
the middle!' Thus we learn from Homer, that Achilles 
and Ajax were ported at the ends of the camp before Troy, 
as bulwarks on eachdide of the reft of the princes. 
The figure of the Roman camp was a fquare divided 
into two principal parts : in tire upper part were the gene¬ 
ral’s pavilion, or praetoijium, and the tent of the chief of¬ 
ficers ; in the lower, thofe of inferior degree were placed. 
On one fide of the praetorium flood the quaslforiiim, or 
apartment of the treafurer of tire army ; and near this the 
forum, both for a market-place and tire afTembling of 
councils. On tire other fide of tire praetorium were lodged 
the legati ; and below it the tribunes hati their quarters, 
oppolite to their refpedtive legions. Afideof the tribunes 
were the praefedfi of tire foreign troops, over againft their 
refpeftive wings; and behind thefe were the lodgments 
of the evocati, then thole of the extraordinarii and ab* 
leiSIi equites, which concluded the higher part of the 
camp. Between the two partitions was a fpot of ground 
called principia, for the altars and images ox the gods, and 
probably alio for the chief en/igns. The middle of the 
lower partition was affigned to the Roman Irorfe; next to 
them were quartered the triarii ; then the principes, and 
clofe by them the haftati; afterwards the foreign Irorfe, 
and laftiy the foreign foot. They fortified their camp with 
a ditch and parapet, which they termed fojja and vallum.-, 
in the latter fonre diftinguiffi two parts, viz. the agger or 
earth, and the Judes or wooden flakes driven in to fecure 
it. The camps were fometimes furrounded by walls made 
of hewn (lone; and the tents themfelvfs formed of the 
lame materials. 
CAMP, a town of Germany, in tire circle of the Low¬ 
er Rhine, aixd archbifliopric of Treves, on the eaft fide of 
the Rhine oppolite Bopparf. 
To CAMP, v. a. To encamp ; to lodge in tents, for 
hoftile p'urpofes ; to pitch a camp ; to fix tents. 
CAMP-FIGHT, in the old law writers, denotes the 
trial of a caufe by duel, or combat of two champions in 
the field, for decifion of fome controverly. In the trial 
