C A M 
by camp-fight, the accufer was, with the peril of his own 
body, to prove the a ecu fed guilty ; and, by offering him 
his (dove, to challenge him to this trial, which the other 
mult either accept, or acknowledge himfelf guilty ot the 
crime whereof he was accufed. If it were a crime de¬ 
ferring death, the camp-fight was for life and death : if 
the ottcnce deferred only imprifonment, the camp-fight 
was accomplithed when one combatant had fubdued tire 
other, fo as either to make him yield, or take him prifoncr. 
The accufed might chcofe another to fight in It is fiend, 
but the accufer was obliged to perform it in his own pcrlon, 
and with equality of weapons. No women were permitted 
to he fpedfators, nor men under the age of thirteen. The 
prieft, and the people who looked on, were engaged fi- 
lently in prayer, that the v.iftory might fall to him who 
had right. None might cry, (hriek, or give the lead: fign; 
which in fome places was executed with fo much firidt- 
nefs, that the executioner flood ready with an axe to cut 
off the right hand or foot of the party that (hould offend 
herein. He that, being wounded, yielded himfelf, was at 
the other’s mercy eitlver to be killed or fullered to live. 
But, if life were granted him, lie was declared infamous 
by the judge, and di fa-bled from ever bearing arms, or ri¬ 
ding on horfeback. 
CAM'PACH, a river of Carinthia, which runs into 
the Moll, near Velach. 
CAMPA'GNA, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of 
Naples, and Principato Citra, the fee of a bilhop, fuffra- 
gan of Conza. It is fixteen miles eaft-north-eafi of Sa¬ 
lerno, and thirteen fouth-fouth-weft of Conza. 
CAMPA'GNA DI RO’MA, a province of Italy, com¬ 
prehending the greater part of ancient Latium. It is 
bounded on the north by the Sabina, on the eaft and fouth- 
caft by Abruzzo Ultra and Lavora, on the foutli-weft by 
the Mediterranean, and on the north-weft by the Patri¬ 
mony of St. Peter ; about forty-four miles long, and thirty- 
three broad. The country contains many beautiful plains, 
and the foil is generally fertile; but great part rendered 
iinwholefome by the Pontine marfhes, on which account 
there are few towns or villages, and the inhabitants are in 
general poor. Some attempts have been made to drain 
thefe marfhes, and a good firm road is made acrofs them: 
this carried into effeft, and fome internal regulations in 
favour of the hufbandmen, would undoubtedly remedy 
the urnvholefomenefs of the air, and increafe the popula¬ 
tion and fertility. The principal cities or towns are Rome, 
Velletri, Frafcati, Paleflrina, Terracina, Nettuno, and 
Oftia. Lat. 41. 18. to 42. N. Ion. 30. to 31. 15. E. Ferro. 
CAMPA'GNE, a town of France, in the department 
of the Straits of Calais, and chief place of a canton, in 
the diflrift of Montreuil : two leagues weft of Hefdin. 
CAMPAIGN', f. [campaigne , Fr. campania, It.] A 
large open level trad! of ground, without hills : 
Thofe grateful groves that (hade the plain 
Where Tiber rolls majeftic to the main, 
And fattens, as he runs, the fair campaign. Garth. 
The time during which an army keeps the field, without 
•entering into quarters. See Tactics. 
CAM'PAN, a town of France, in the department of 
the Higher Pyrenees, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diftricSt of Bagneres, fttuated in a valley to which it gives 
name: one league fouth of Bagneres-en-Bigore. 
CAM'PAN MARBLE. The green campan from the 
Pyrenean mountains is flightly magnetic, and contains, ac¬ 
cording to Mr. Bayen, in the centenary, fixty-live parts 
mild calcareous earth, thirty-two argillaceous, and three 
■of iron partially calcined. The red campan is not mag¬ 
netic, and contains eighty-two parts mild calcareous earth, 
eleven of argillaceous earth, and feven of calx of iron. 
CAMPA'NA,/. [fo called becaufe Paulimis, bifliop of 
Nola in Campania, firft ufed them for religious ufes.] A 
•bell or veftel for the reception and retention of gaffes. 
CAMPA'NA, a town ol Italy, in the kingdom of Na. 
Vol.-III. No. 154. 
C A M £$7 
pies, and province of Abruzzo Ultra: eight-miles fouth- 
louth-eaft of Aquffa. 
CAMPA'NA, a town of I'siy, m the kingdom of Na¬ 
ples, and-province of Calabria Citra: nine miles fc-uih- 
vveft of Cariati. 
CAMPA'NA, a frnall ifland in the South Pacific Ocean, 
near the weft coaft of South America. I.at. 4S. 50. S. 
Ion. (So. 3. W .'Ferro. 
CAMPA'NA, a river of South America, which runs 
into the Pacific Ocean. Lat. 48. 50. S. Ion. 59. 55. W. 
Ferro. 
CAMPA'NA (La), a town of Spain, in the country of 
Seville : thirteen miles weft of Ecija. 
C AMPANA-CK'di,/. in botany, an order of plants irt 
the Fragherda Methodi Naturalis of Linnaeus, containing 
plants with bell-fiiapcd flowers. 
CAMPANA'LOGY, f. [of campana, Lat. a bell, and 
My® yGr. a fpeech.] A treatife concerning the art of catt¬ 
ing and ringing of bells. 
CAMPANA'RIO, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, 
ten iniles from Palaccio-del Rey. 
CAMPANEL'LA (Thomas),, a celebrated Italian phi- 
lofdpfier, born at Stilo in Calabria, in 1568. Fie diftin- 
guifhed himfelf by an early proficiency in learning ; for, 
at the age of thirteen, he was a perfect matter of the an¬ 
cient orators and poets. His peculiar inclination led hint 
to philofophy, to which he eventually confined his whole 
time and ftudy.' In order to arrive at truth, he fhook off 
tiie yoke of authority; but the novelty of his opinions 
expofed him to many inconveniences; for at Naples he 
was thrown into prifon, where he remained twenty-feven 
years, and during this confinement he wrote his famous 
work entitled Atheifmus Triumphatus. Being fet at li¬ 
berty, he went to Paris, where he was gracioufly received 
by Louis XIII. and by cardinal Richlieu ; the latter pro¬ 
cured him a penfton of 2000 livres, and often conftilted 
him on the affairs of Italy. Campanella parted the re¬ 
mainder of his days in a monaftery of Dominicans at Paris, 
and died in 1639. 
CAMPA'NI (Matthew), of Spoletto, curate at Rome, 
wrote an ingenious treatife on the art of cutting glades for 
fpeflacles, and made feveral improvements in optics, af- 
fifted by his brother and pupil Jofeph. He died about 1678, 
CAMPA'NIA, a country of ancient Italy, of which 
Capua was the capital, bounded by Latium, Samnium, 
Picenum, and part of the Mediterranean fea. It is cele¬ 
brated for its delightful views, and for its fertility, Ca¬ 
pua is often called Campana uibs. Strabo. 
C AMPA'NIFORM, adj. [of campana, a bell, and for~, 
ma, Lat.] A term ufed of flowers which are in the fhape 
of a bell. 
CAMPANI'NI,jfi a name given to a fpecies of Italian 
marble dug out of the mountains of Carrara, becaufe, 
when it is worked, it founds like a bell. 
CAMPA'NULATE, adj. The fame with Campani- 
form. 
CAMPA'NULA,/. [Lat. a little bell; front the fhape 
of the corolla.] The Beli,-flower; in botany, a genus 
of the clafs pentandria, order monogynia, natural order 
campanaceae. The generic characters are—Calyx: peri- 
anthitim five-parted, acute, eredtexpanding, fuperior. 
Corolla : monopetalous, bell-form, impervious at the bafe, 
half-five-cleft, marcefcent; divilions broad, acute, fpread- 
ing; netary in the bottom of the corolla, compofed of 
five valves, acute, converging, covering the receptacle. 
Stamina: filaments five, capillary, very fhort, inferted on 
the tips of the valves of the netary ; antherae longer than 
the filaments, cemprefled. Piftiilum : germ angular, in¬ 
ferior ; ftyle filiform, longer than the ftamens; ftigma 
three-parted, oblong, thickiih ; divifions revolute. Peri- 
carpium : capfule roundifh, angular, three or five-celled, 
emitting the feeds at fo many lateral openings. Seeds: 
numerous, final 1; receptacle columnar, adnate .—EJfcntial 
Ckara&cr* Corolla bell-form, the bottom clofed with fta- 
3 E ufimiferous 
