65S . C A M P A 
miniferous valves; ftigma three-cleft; capfule inferior, 
gaping, with lateral pores. 
Species. I. Leaves more glofiy and narrow. 1. Campa¬ 
nula cenifia, or ciHate bell-flower: Hems one-flowered ; 
leaves ovate, fmooth, quite entire, fubciliate. Root pe¬ 
rennial, creeping, often a foot long, dividing into feveral 
branches at top; ferns numerous, firnple, Email, weak, 
about three inches high ; flower large in proportion to the 
plant. Native of the higher rocks of the Alps, about 
the Glacieres; on the higheft pike of Mont Cents, called 
Ronche; by the head of the river Durance, and on other 
neighbouring eminences; alfo in Dauphine. It was in¬ 
troduced in 1775 by Drs. Pitcairn and FothergiU, and 
flowers in June and July. Haller has confounded this 
with the fecond fpecies. 
2. Campanula uniflora : flem one-flowered ; calyx equal¬ 
ling the corolla. Root fibrous, annual; flem the length 
of a finger, obliquely erect, round, entire; a (ingle flower 
terminates the flem ; it is nodding, b,ell-fliaped, contracted 
towards the bafe, and blue; fruit turbinate-ovate or pear- 
fhaped, very large in proportion to the plant, (lightly in¬ 
clined, opening with three holes near where the capfule 
unites with the crowning calyx. Native of the mountains 
of Lapland; where it is very rare, and flowers in the be¬ 
ginning of July. If it be the fame fpecies with that of 
Haller, Allioni, and Vilfars, it alfo grows wild in Swilier- 
land, Piedmont, and Dauphine. 
3. Campanula pulla, or ruffet bell-flower : ftemlets one- 
flowered ; ftem-leaves ovate, crenate ; calyxes drooping. 
Root filiform, creeping ; ftems a (hort fpan in length, eredt, 
flexuofe, filiform, fometimes having a branch or two bear¬ 
ing a (ingle flower. There is a variety, which has feveral 
flowers at the top of the ftalk. Native of the mountains 
of Auftria, Carniola, and Arragon. 
4. Campanula rotundifolia,' or round-leaved bell-flow¬ 
er : radical leaves kidney-form ; flem-leaves linear. Root 
perennial, creeping, fweetifh ; ferns feveral, a foot or more 
in height, varying from two inches to a yard, rather up¬ 
right, but weak and crooked, round, fmooth, folid, milky, 
and branched. The radical leaves, whence this plant has 
its name, are ufually hid in the herbage, and therefore 
feldoni obferved: they alfo dry away and drop off, when 
it is advancing to maturity. It grows plentifully on heaths 
and other waile grounds, in dry hilly (filiations, flowering 
from June to September. A green pigment is obtained 
from the flowers. The juice ftains blue, but, with the 
addition of alum, green. The flalks and branches, when 
broken, give out a milky juice, which has a difagreeable 
fmell. There is a variety, with firmer and more fhining 
leaves, the flem-leaves broader, ferrate, the firft: rhomboi- 
dal, the reft elliptic, acute; the radical leaves are alfo 
more narrowly toothed. It is common in the Alps ; Ray 
alfo found it in the mountains of Stiria and Carinthia; 
with us it has been obferved on Snowdon, and about Rick- 
man'fworth and Croydon. Another variety has the radi¬ 
cal leaves roundifh, roughifh, and ferrate ; the ferns hir- 
fute, fo are the flem-leaves ; the firft of thefe are ferrate, 
1110ft of them refemble the leaves of flax. Grows in the 
valley of Urferen, and mountains about Aigle; on mount 
Wafierfall; in Lapland aiid Denmark ; and with us on the 
higheft mountains of Wales and Weftmoreland, near Perth 
and on Skiddaw in Scotland. 
5. Campanula patula, or fpreading or field bell-flow.- 
er : leaves ftiff, the radical ones lanceolate-oval; panicle 
fpreading. Native of Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Swifi. 
ferland, Carniola, Piedmont; in corn-fields, Woods, hed¬ 
ges, and by road fides; flowering in July and Auguft. In 
England it is not common. Merrett found it at Adfor- 
ton near Wigmore in Herefordfhire; Littleton Brown 
found it in the fame place; Dillenius in a wood called 
Elberry-hill, about a mile from Worcefter, and near Bi- 
ihop’s Caftle in Shropfhire ; Dr. Pulteney, by Buddon- 
wood, near Loughborough, and between Litchfield and 
Meriden; Mr. Nafh, near Malvern; Mr. Woqdward, 
near the bath at Litchfield, and on the road to Colefliill; 
N U L A. 
Dr. Smith, in the park of the late lord Ligonier, at Cob* 
ham in Surrey. 
6. Campanula rapunculus, or rampion : leaves waved, 
the radical ones lanceolate-oval; panicle contracted. The 
whole plant is full of a milky juice; root biennial, fpin- 
dle-fhaped, fometimes branching; flem upright, angular, 
two feet high, hairy towards the bafe, fmooth above ; 
branches alternate, fhort, upright. It grows wild in France, 
Flanders, Swiflerland, Germany, Carniola, Piedmont; by 
hedge and road fides and woods, in fallow fields, and dry 
paftures; flowering in June, July, and Auguft. In Eng¬ 
land it has been found growing near Croydon and Ether in 
Surrey ; Old Buckenham Caftle in Norfolk ; about Hind- 
lip and Enville in Worcefterfliire. The flefliy roots are 
eatable, and are much cultivated in France for fallads. 
Some years pad it was cultivated in the Englifli gardens 
for the fame purpofe, but is now generally negledled. Hal¬ 
ler fays, that it is in great requeft among the Swifs, in the 
fpring; and that it increafes milk. The roots are eaten, 
not only raw in fallads, but boiled like afparagus. They 
were boiled tender, and eaten cold with vinegar and pep¬ 
per, in rite time of Parkinfon. 
7. Campanula periicifolia, or peach-leaved bell-flower: 
radical leaves obovate ; ftem-leaves lanceolate-linear, fub- 
ferrate, fellile, remote. Root like that of the navew, and 
eatable ; flem very ftraight, eighteen inches high and more, 
(in gardens two feet and a half,) unbranched, angular, 
fmooth, as is the who'e plant, except the germ and cap¬ 
fule. This is a perennial plant, native of molt parts of 
the continent of Europe from Sweden to Spain, but not 
of Britain. It was cultivated here by Gerarde in 1596. 
The varieties are, the Angle blue, and wEite; and double 
flowers of both colours. The latter have not been more 
than fifty years in England, but have been propagated in 
fuch plenty, as to have almoft banifhed thofe with fingle 
flowers from the gardens. 
8. Campanula pyramidalis, or pyramidal bell-flower: 
leaves fmooth and even, ferrate, cordate ; ftem-leaves lan¬ 
ceolate ; ftems ruftiy, Ample ; umbels feflile, lateral. Py¬ 
ramidal or fteeple bell-flower is thus deferibed in its wild 
(late by Scopoli -. The root and flem are milky; the latter 
is four feet high, panicled, with fhort branches from top 
to bottom. All the leaves are ovate, petioled, and (hortly 
toothed ; the teeth paler, and terminated by a gland. The 
corolla fpreading, five-cleft beyond the middle. The ca- 
lycine teeth, even whilft the corolla is clofed, fpreading 
out horizontally, and twice as long as the germ, which is 
three-cornered. It is found about Idria, in Struk, &c. 
and, according to Allioni, in Savoy. As it appears in the 
garden it is thus deferibed by Miller: It has thick tube¬ 
rous roots, which are milky; thefe fend out three or four 
ftrong fmooth upright flalks, which rife near four feet 
high, and are garnifhed with fmooth oblong leaves, whofe 
edges are a little indented. The lower leaves are much 
broader than thofe on the flalks. The flowers are pro¬ 
duced from the fide of the flalks, and are regularly feton 
for more than half their length, forming a fort of pyra¬ 
mid ; thefe are large, open, and fliaped like a bell. Th® 
mod common colour of the flowers is a light blue y but 
there have been fome with white flowers, which make a 
variety when intermixed with the blue, but the latter is 
mod efteemed. This plant is cultivated to adorn halls, 
and to place before the chimneys in the fummer, when it is 
in flower; for which purpofe there is no plant more pro¬ 
per, for, when the roots are ftrong, they will fend out four 
or five flalks, which will rife as many feet high, and are 
garni(hed with flowers great part of their length. Thefe 
upright flalks fend out fome fhort fide-branches, which 
are alfo adorned with flowers, fo that, by fpreading the 
upright flalks to a flat frame compofed of (lender laths, 
(as is ufually pradtifed,). the whole plant is formed into 
the fltape of a fan, and will fpread near the width of a 
common fire-place. When the flowers begin to open, the 
pots are removed into the rooms, where, being (haded 
from the fun, and kept from the rain, the flowers will 
continue 
