CAMPANULA. 
continue long in beauty; and, if the pots are removed 
every night into a more airy fituation, but not expofed to 
heavy rains, the flowers will be fairer, and continue much 
longer in beauty. This alfo was cultivated in 1596 by 
Gerarde. 
9. Campanula Americana, or American bell-flower: 
leaves cordate and lanceolate ferrate ; petioles of the low. 
er ciliate ; flowers axillary, feffile ; corollas five-parted, 
flat; ftyles longer than the corolla. Root annual; flem 
and germs fmooth. Native of Pennfylvania. Introduced 
in 1763 by Mr. John Bartram. Jt flowers in July. 
10. Campanula lilifolia, or lily-leaved bell-flower: 
leaves lanceolate; Item-leaves fliarply ferrate ; flowers pa- 
nicled, nodding. It is lingular in this plant, that the Hem, 
before it produces the panicle, puts out leaves in a kind 
of rofe, which, when the panicle comes forth, are difper- 
l'ed about the Item. It varies much in the fize and colour 
of the flower, quantity of branches, hardnefs and foft- 
nefs,. fmoothnefs and rough nets, of the leaves. It is found 
from the Jaick eaftward to the very confines of China. 
The roots are eaten by the inhabitants, both raw and boil¬ 
ed. Introduced in 17.84 by M. Thouin ; and flowers molt 
part of the fummer. It is perennial. 
11. Campanula rhomboidea, or germander-leaved bell¬ 
flower: leaves rhomboid, ferrate; fpike one-ranked ; ca¬ 
lyxes toothed. Root creeping, perennial ; Item ereCI, 
fmooth, from fix to eighteen inches in height, unbranch¬ 
ed ; leaves few, tender, fmooth, ending in a point; the 
upper ones fmaller. Native of the mountains of Swilfer- 
land, Dauphine, Carniola, and Italy on Mont Cenis. In¬ 
troduced in 1775 by Drs. Pitcairn and Fothergill ; flowers 
in July. The variety obferved by Alpinus near Baflano, 
and by Arduini on Monte Somma and-other mountains of 
Italy, has the leaves very much acuminated, and the ferra- 
tures diftant; the flowers are in a nodding raceme; the 
leaflets of the calyx have often two acuminate ferratures 
on eacli fide : the piftil is longer than the corolla. 
12. Campanula unidentata, or one-toothed bell-flower: 
creft, fmooth; leaves lanceolate, acute, one-toothed on 
each fide ; panicle divaricate, leafy. 13. Campanula ca- 
pillacea, or fine-leaved bell-flower: herbaceous, eredt; 
leaves filiform, fmooth; panicle terminal; flowers alter¬ 
nate. 14. Campanula linearis, or linear-leaved bell-flow- 
ep : herbaceous, ereft; leaves linear, entire, fmooth ; flow¬ 
ers drooping; capiules hifpid. Found at the Cape by 
Thunberg. 
15. Campanula lobelioides, or lobelia-like bell-flower: 
fmall Hems round, ftiff, fmooth; leaves linear-lanceolate, 
toothletted ; corollas nearly funnel-form, trifid, and qua- 
drifid. Native of Madeira; found there by Mr. Francis 
Malfon. Introduced in 1777. Flowers in July and Augufl. 
16. Campanula. Carpatica, or Carpathian or heart-lea¬ 
ved bell-flower : leaves fmooth, cordate, ferrate, petioled ; 
branches filiform, one-flowered. This pours out a milky 
juice when wounded. The root is whitilh and perennial; 
fiems herbaceous, annual, weak, hardly branching, bear¬ 
ing one or very few flowers ; in gardens it becomes branch¬ 
ing and many-flowered. It flowers the whole fummer, 
and was firft obferved on the Carpathian Alps by Fr. Jof. 
Lipp ; introduced in 1774 by Jacquin. It is obferved by 
Mr. Curtis, that it is yet fcarce in our gardens, but dfe- 
ferves to be more generally known and cultivated ; its 
flowers, in proportion to the plant, being large and fhowy, 
and, like many other alpine plants, being well fiiited to de¬ 
corate rock-work, or fucb borders of the flower-garden 
as are not adapted to large plants. 
17. Campanula grandiflora, or great-flowered bell-flow¬ 
er: leaves tern, oblong, ferrate ; Item one-flowered ; flow¬ 
er fpreading. The whole plant is very fmooth ; root pe¬ 
rennial, white, fufiform, the thicknefs of a finger, and 
branched ; ftems few, ere£t or afcending, fimple, round, a 
foot high, leafy all over, annual, terminated with one hand- 
fdme flower, but without (cent, nodding a little; with 
fometimes one or two flowers more from the upper axillas. 
It flowers in June and the beginning of. July^ and ripens 
659 
its feeds in Augtift. The flowers being of the fame foruv 
as in the foregoing fort, it is doubted in the fupplement 
of Linnaeus whether it be any thing more than a variety 
of it; but the leaves are never cordate. Native of Sibeiia. 
Introduced in 1782 by Mr. John Bell ; flowers in July. 
18. Campanula aurea, or golden bell-flower : capfules 
five-celled; leaves elliptic, ferrate, fmooth ; flowers fub- 
panicled, five-parted; Hem flirubby, flefliy. Difcovered 
in the ifland of Madeira by Malfon. Introduced in 1777 ; 
flowers in Augufl: and September. 
19. Campanula tenella : ftems diffufed, filiform ; leaves 
ovate, fometimes one-toothed, reflex ; flowers folitary, ter¬ 
minal. Found at the Cape by Thunberg. 
20. Campanula porofa, or porotts-ftalked bell-flower: 
leaves lanceolate, glofly ; ftem ereft, porous, with dots 
upward. This is a plaint difficult to be diftinguifhed; un- 
lefs by the pores, fcarcely diftinguifhable by the naked eye, 
which penetrate into the ftem, not downwards but up¬ 
wards. Stem round, afoot high, ereCd ; branches nume¬ 
rous, eredt, fliort. Flowers fmall, lefs than thofe of No. 4^ 
rather ereft. Found at the Cape by Thunberg. 
21. Campanula undulata: leaves lanceolate, toothed, 
waved; flowers fubfolitary, peduncled. Stem a foot and 
half high, ere£I, filiform, glolfy, fomewhat branched at 
top. Flowers the fize of the fourth fpecies. Thunberg' 
di(covered this alfo at the Cape, 
II. Leaves rugged, broader. 22. Campanula latifolia, or 
broad-leaved bell-flower, or giant throatvvort: leaves ovate- 
lanceolate ; ftem very fimple ; columnar ; flowers folitary, 
peduncled ; fruits drooping. Stem three feet high and 
more, angular, fmooth, not branching. The whole plant 
abounds with a milky liquor. It varies with purple and 
with white flowers. It grows naturally in the northern 
parts of England, in Flintflnire, Scotland, Denmark, Swe¬ 
den, Swilferland, Piedmont, &c. flowering in July and 
Augitft ; and is perennial. Johnfon fays that it was kept- 
by Gerarde in his garden, as alfo by Parkinlon in his : but 
that he found it in the year 1626 in great plenty, upon the- 
banks of the river Oufe in Yorkfhire, as he went from 
York to vifit Selby, the place where he was born., 
23. Campanula repunculoides, or rampion-like bell¬ 
flower: leaves cordate-lanceolate ; ftem branching ; flow¬ 
ers one-ranked, fcattered; calyxes, reflex. This is in many 
refpe&s like No. 28 : but the whole is more foft: the root 
creeps prodigioufly, and is faid to be efculent. M. De 
Saulfure found a variety with leafy fpikes. Native of 
France, Germany, Auftria, Swilferland, Piedmont, &c» 
Ray remarked it about Geneva, towards Gex, and on 1 
Mont Saleve. It affefts a dry foil, and flowers in July and' 
Auguft. Perennial. Cultivated in 16S3 by. Mr. James- 
Sutherland. 
24. Campanula Bononienfis, or Bologna orpanicled bell¬ 
flower : leaves ovate-lanceolate, rugged beneath, felfile; 
ftem panicled. Stem three feet high and more, erefl, with 
many afcending conjugate branches. Leaves ftem-clafping, 
almoft cordate, villofe with a white nap beneath, but not 
rough, moderately ferrate; the fame under the flowers, 
which come out on almoft naked branches, and at the top - 
of the ftem, the lower ones on ere£t fliort peduncles, three 
together, the upper ones felfile, in the axillas folitary or 
two together, at the top of the flem very numerous but 
fmall, forming a fpike ; they are of a viole-t colour. Native 
of Bologna, Monte Baldo, Auftria, Swilferland, Piedmont, 
Perennial. Introduced in 1773 by John earl of Bute. 
25. Campanula graminifolia, or-grafs-leaved bell-flower: 
leaves linear-fubulate; head terminal. Leaves very narrow- 
like grafs. Native of Italy, in the mountains of Abruzzo 
near Salmone, and Monte Vergine. 
26. Campanula cinerea : erect, tomentofc ; leaves fu¬ 
bulate, entire, eredt; approximating ; flowers folitary, ter¬ 
minal. Found at the Cape by Thunberg, 
27. Campanula hifpidula: hifpid; flowyrs ereft; ca¬ 
lyxes the length of the corolla. Stem branching, a hand' 
high, and hifpid, more branching at top. Annual. Ob-, 
ftrved at the Cane by Sparrman, 
3 * 
