,6<fc C A M P A N U L A. 
:S..Campanula trachclium, great bell-flower, great 
or nettle-leaved throatwort, or-Canterbury bells: Item 
angular; leaves pctioled ; calyxes ciliate; peduncles tri¬ 
lid. Root perennial; Items from two to three feet high, 
upright, dill, hairy, angular; the angles membranaceous, 
putting out a few (liort (ide-branches. Leaves refembletliofe 
of the great nettle, but rather fhorter and broader, alter¬ 
nate, ovate, cordate, pointed, hairy, deeply toothed, 1'ome- 
tirnes having two or three lobes ; petioled, except the up¬ 
per ones, which are feflile. The number of flowers va¬ 
ries from one or two to three, four, and even five ; they 
are large and nodding. The whole plant contains a 
juice of a dirty yellow colour. Befides ihe common va¬ 
rieties, Haller mentions a monftrous one, with the corolla 
and calyx imperfett, and the leaves collected into a head. 
Nativg of mod parts of Europe, and of Japan, in woods 
and hedges; flowering in July and Augufl:. 
29. Campanula glomerata, or fmall or cluftered bell¬ 
flower, or little Canterbury bells : (tern angular, Ample; 
flowers feflile ; head terminal. Root perennial; Hem up¬ 
right, angular, hairy, commonly fomewhat rugged, but 
iometimes fmooth, from fix to eighteen inches in height, 
but varying from two and even three feet, in ftrong foils, 
dow n to two inches in lofty dry lituations; feldom or ever 
branched, tinlefs when it is eaten down by cattle. Native 
of mod parts of Europe, in hilly and dry paftures, parti¬ 
cularly in ;i calcareous foil ; flowering from June to Sep¬ 
tember. Thus plant is no contemptible ornament for rock- 
work or dry flower-borders. A moift or rich foil makes 
it too luxuriant, and renders the flowers pale and degene¬ 
rate. The alpine variety lias handfomer larger flowers. 
30. Campanula cervicaria, or waved-leaved bell-flower: 
bilpid; flowers feflile ; head terminal; leaves lanceolate- 
linear, waved. This refembles the foregoing; but-the 
root is.biennial, the w hole plant is more rugged and hif- 
pid, the flems are higher, the leaves much narrower, the 
flowers fmaller, lei's open, and a little villofe on the out- 
fide. It is alio a wood plant, whereas the other grows in 
open flotations. Native of Sweden, Denmark, Germany, 
Swilfeiland, Piedmont, Siberia ; flowering in July and 
Augufl:. The root is efculent. Introduced in 1783 by 
William Pitcairn, M. D. 
31. Campanula thyrloidea, or long-fpiked bell-flower : 
hil'pid ; raceme ovate-oblong, terminal; Item entirely fim- 
ple; leaves lanceolate-linear. Root large, woody, bien¬ 
nial ; from which rifes a round tuft of rough broad ovate- 
lanceolate leaves; from the centre of thele fprings a (lent 
•eight or ten inches high, unbranxthed, covered with leaves 
and flowers; the leaves tongue-fhaped, longer than the ra¬ 
dical ones, equal to the whole ftem ; the flowers hlrfute, 
white or yellowilli white, long and (lender, collected into 
^onc very long ovate-cylindric clofe terminating fpike, leafy 
at bottom but naked at top. Sometimes the corolla is cut 
into four or fix parts, and then there is a proportionable 
number of flamens and two fligmas. In Swillerland it is 
common in ftony alpine meadows ; on the lower mountains 
it is more rare. It was obferved by Ray to grow plenti¬ 
fully on the highest tops of Jura. It is* alfo a native of 
Germany, Hungary, Auftria, Carniola, Savoy, and Dau- 
phine. It was introduced in 1785 by William Pitcairn, 
M. D. and flowers in July. 
32. Campanula pettaea, or great (lone throatwort: flem 
angular, limple ; flowers felfile, headed-glomerate ; leaves 
tomentofe beneath. Stem upright, rough, hairy, from a 
foot to two feet in height, befet with flowers from the top 
to below the niiddle, in alternate diftinct bundles, with a 
leaf between each. It was firft obferved by Pona on 
Monte Baldo, flowering in Augufl. It is a native alfo of 
Piedmont, Silelia, See. 
III. Capfules covered with the refleded finufes of the 
•calyx. 33. Campanula dichotoma, or dichotomous bell¬ 
flower: capfules five-celled, covered; flem dichotomous; 
'{lowers drooping. Leaves oblong, rugged. Flowers fo- 
iitary from the forks and ends of the branches. 
74. Campanula medium, or Coventry or Canterbury 
bells: capfules five-celled, covered; flem undivided, 
ered, leafy; flowers ered. Root biennial ; leaves ob¬ 
long, rough, hairy, ferrate, coming out without order from 
the root, narrowing into a petiole. From the centre of 
thefe, the fecond feafo.n, arifesa fliff, hairy, furrowed, (talk, 
about two feet high, lending out feveral lateral branches, 
with long, narrow, hairy, ferrate, feflile, leaves, placed al¬ 
ternately. £rom the letting on of thefe leaves come out 
the peduncles; thofe on the lower part of the flem and 
branches four or five incites long, diminilhing gradually in 
length upwards, and thus forming aV'ort of pyramid. The 
flowers are very large, and make a fine appearance ; they 
are fmooth, and the fegments turn back at the end ; they 
come out the beginning of June, and, if the feafon be not 
very hot, will continue a month in beauty. The feeds 
ripen in September, and the plants decay foon after. It 
grows naturally in the woods of Germany, Auftria, and 
Italy ; and is cultivated in the Englifh gardens for the 
beauty of its flowers, of which there are the following 
varieties: blue, purple, white, ftriped, and double; but 
the two laft are not very common in England. It was 
cultivated here in 1597. 
35. Campanula barbata, or bearded or one-leafed bell¬ 
flower : capfules five-celled, covered ; ftem quite limple, 
with only one or two leaves ; leaves lanceolate ; corollas 
bearded. Root perennial, (according to fonie, biennial,) 
white, large, and woody, fufiform, or rather tuberous, two, 
three, or more, inches in length. Root-leaves many (five 
to ten), rugged, from two to three inches long, and up¬ 
wards, narrowing into flat petioles ; from thele arifes a 
Ample upright round flem, from fix to eighteen inches in 
height, with very few leaves on it ; and towards the top 
from three or four to five or,fix, and Iometimes ten or 
eleven, flowers, forming a kind of loofe fpike ; they are 
large, folitary, nodding, alternate, and commonly all di¬ 
rected one way : the lower ones are on long peduncles, and 
the upper flowers on very fliort ones. According to Haller, 
the fruit is five-angled, and has five obfenre grooves, but is 
three-celled. Native of the mountains of Italy, Auftria, 
Switzerland, Dauphine, and Silelia ; introduced in 1775, 
by Drs. Pitcairn and Fothergill; flowers in June and July, 
According to Scopoli, it varies : 1. With one flower ; 
the ftem fcarcely fix inches high : this is the one-flowered 
variety of Haller, mentioned by Cafpar Bauhin to be found 
by Burfer on the Alps. 2. With two flowers. 3. With 
three flowers, the ftem a foot high, and the leaves une¬ 
qually notched. 4. With four flowers, or more; well 
figured by Jacquin, with many flowers on a ftem. 
36. Campanula fpicata, or lpiked bell-flower : hifpid ; 
fpike loole ; flowers alternate ; leaves linear, quite entire. 
Root biennial, the thicknefs of a finger, two or three inches 
long, fufiform : flem a foot high, (Krocker fays, four, 
five, or fix, feet; according to Haller, very high,) with 
white fliff hairs, like all other parts of the plant, and al¬ 
ternate branches, terminating in a very long loofe fpike of 
many feflile, alternate, remote, flowers. Haller obferves, 
that it refembles No. 30 fo much, that it may feem doubt- 
ftil whetherit be really diftinft ; but that it is, however, 
probably a different fpecies. The flowers, he fays, are not 
in a few whorls, but one or two in each axil from top to 
bottom, within a boat-lhaped leaf; the calyxes and brac- 
tes are wholly white with hairs; and the top of the llalk 
ends, not in a white umbel of flowers, but in a narrow 
point. Thefe long fpikes of flowers bear fo much refem- 
blance to thofe of echium , that Monf. Villars would have 
this fpecies named campanula echioides. Allioni remarks, 
that it puts on a variety of appearances in very dry open 
lituations at the foot of the Alps ; where it lias very rough 
linear leaves, with a curled waving edge, and flowers in a 
very long clofe continued fpike. In the county of Nice it 
has elliptic leaves, not curled about the edge, with flowers 
in an interrupted (pike. But it has more ufually linear 
leaves, and flowers, though in a fpike, yet interrupted, Jo 
as to form lateral heads, as it is reprelented by John Bau¬ 
hin. It is common both in the Upper and Lower Valais, 
about 
