C A M P 
about Chiavenna, and by the Lago Maggiore and Como, 
in the vineyards ; between Pignerolles and l.i Perofa, and 
in the whole valley of Feneftrelles, very common in dry 
open rocky fituations ; in Alface, between Sultz and 
Zenne ; in Dauphine, but not common ; in Silelia. !t 
flowers in July ; introduced in 17S6 by W. Pitcairn, M. D. 
•57. Campanula alpina, or Alpine bell-flower : item 
Ample ; peduncles one-flowered axillary two-leaved. Root 
perennial, fufiform ; ftem abfolutely Ample, fmooth, a fpan 
high, loaded the whole length with axillary folitary flow¬ 
ers. Grows on Schneeberg, Scheidegg, &c. alfp in Silefia; 
flowering in July. 
38. Campanula mollis, or foft bell-flower : capfules, 
five-ceiled, covered peduncled ; ftem p'roftrate ; leaves 
ftiborbiculate. Native of Syria, Sicily, and Spain. 
39. Campanula faxatilis, or rock bell-flower : capfules 
five-keeled, covered ; flowers alternate, nodding ; leaves 
obovate, crenate. The ftalks rife a foot high ; the flowers 
are large, blue, nodding, alternate; they open in July, and 
.are fucceeded by five-celled capfules, filled with fmall 
feeds. It grows naturally in Crete, upon rocks, where the 
roots penetrate the Allures, and the plants continue much 
longer than in gardens. Cultivated-by Mr. Miller in 1768. 
40. Campanula Silr.rica, or Siberian bell-flower : cap¬ 
fules three-celled, covered ; ftem panicled. Root biennial; 
ftem a foot high, angular, a little hifpid, ftraight, undi¬ 
vided ; flowers oblong, fmall. There is a variety, with a 
fiibdivided ftem, and broader leaves. Native of Siberia, 
Auftria, and Piedmont ; introduced in 1783 by William 
Pitcairn, M. D. It flowers from July to September. 
41. Campanula tridentata, or three-toothed bell-flower: 
capfule five-celled, covered ; ftem one-flowered ; radical 
leaves, three-toothed. Flowers upright, rather large, fo¬ 
litary. Found in the Levant by Tournefort. 
42. Campanula laciniata : capfules covered peduncled; 
leaves ferrate ; the radical ones lyrate ; ftem-leaves lance¬ 
olate. Root biennial ; ftem two feet high, fuffruticofe, 
branched from the bottom. Flowers large, pale blue. 
Found by Tournefort in the ifiand of Policandro, and cul¬ 
tivated in the Paris garden from feeds fent by him. 
43. Campanula ftrifla : capfules covered ; leaves rough 
with hairs ; ftem-leaves lanceolate ferrate ; ftem quite 
iimple ; flowers feftile. Stem eighteen inches high, rough 
with hairs. Native of Syria, and Palefline. 
44. Campanula Canarienfis, or Canary bell-flower. This 
is now made a diftinfit genus, under the name of Cana- 
JR.IN A. 
43. Campanula fruticofa, or fttrubby Cape bell-flower: 
capfules columnarfive-celled ; ftem fttrubby; leaves iinear- 
fubulate ; peduncles very long. This is fttrubby, and a 
native of the Cape of Good Hope. It was introduced in 
1787 by Mr. Francis Maffon ; and flowers here in Auguft. 
46. Campanula fpeculum, or Venus’s looking-glafs : 
ftem very much branched, diffufed ; leaves oblong, fub- 
crenate ; flowers folitary ; capfules prifmatic. This is an 
annual plant, with (lender ftalks a foot high. The flowers 
are of a beautiful purple, inclining to a violet colour, 
(fometimes pale purple, or white,) and in the evening fold 
up into a pentagon figure, whence it is called viola pentago- 
nia. The calyx is compofed of five narrow leaves, which 
fpread open, turn back,' and ate much longer than the 
petals ; thefe remain on the top of the prifmatic feed- 
velfel, which is filled with fmall eingular feeds. The cap¬ 
lule is.longer and narrower than in the generality of the 
Jpecies ; the feeds are ovate and fhining. Native of molt 
of the fouthern countries of Europe, among corn. It 
flowers from May to September. Johnfon on Gerarde, 
fays, that he had only feen fome branches of it brought 
from Leyden, by his friend Mr. William Parker. It was 
cultivated in 1683, by Mr. James Sutherland. 
47. Campanula hybrida, or corn bell-flower, fmall Ve¬ 
nus’s looking glafs, or codded corn violet : ftem a little 
branching at the bafe and flirt'; leaves oblong crenate ;■ ca¬ 
lyxes aggregate, longer than the corolla ; capfules prifma¬ 
tic. This is alio an annual plant. It differ^ from the fore- 
Vo l. III. No. 134. 
a n Ola. 661 
going in having the ftem upright ; it is very ftiff and 
ftraight, and fcarcely ever branches any where but at bot¬ 
tom. The flowers are feftile, three or four together, much 
finaller than in the other ; the corollas frequently lurking 
in the rudiment, and not unfolding. Linneus fuppol'es this 
to be a hybridous or mule plant, and the foregoing fpeaes 
to be the mother of it. The Englifh name of Venus’s" 
looking-glafs, which is applied to both, is derived from 
the fhining fmoothnefs of the feeds. Our wild fpecies is 
well deferibed, and not ill figured, by johnfon in Gerarde. 
It is common in corn fields, in England, France, Switzer¬ 
land, &c. flowering in June and July. Haller has a larger 
and (mailer variety of this alfo. 
48. Campanula limonifolia : branches expanding, undi¬ 
vided ; radical leaves elliptic, even, quite entire ; flowers 
fertile in threes. Native of the Levant. 
49. Campanula pentagonia: ftem fubdivided, very 
branching ; calycine leaflets linear acuminate. This is a 
fmall plant, a hand or not more than fix inches in height, 
witha Ample white root; the ftem is (lender, weak, ftirubby 
with frequent branches ; leaves a finger’s length, narrow, 
the breadth only one third of the length, feftile; the lower 
ones broader, the upper ones narrower and (harp. Flowers 
at the ends of the ftem and branches, twice as large as in 
No. 4 6, and of a paler purple; the bottom or eye white, 
but lefs fo than in that ; a broad blue band 1'urcounds the 
eye, and the edges are purple ; the flowers are more con¬ 
cave and belhfliaped than in our common garden fort, and 
tlie (egments are not fo deeply cut : the flowers before 
they open are folded up, like the other forts, and have five 
wings like the feathers of a (haft ; and hence the name 
pentagonia. The feeds are round, large, and fhining. Lin¬ 
neus fays, that with him the flowers were generally mutis 
lated or imperfefib. Ray cultivated this plant before the 
year 16S6. He informs its, that the feed was collected in 
'1 brace by Mr. Covill of Cambridge, and that it was given 
to him by his old friend Mr. Dent, an apothecary and ex¬ 
cellent botanift there. 
50. Campanula perfoliata, or perfoliate bell-flower; 
ftem (iniple; leaves, cordate, toothed, ftem-clafping; flow¬ 
ers fertile, aggregate. This is an annual plant, which in 
good ground will rife a foot and half high, but in poor 
ground, or where it grows wild among corn, fcarcely rifes 
to the height of fix inches. The ftalk is fingle, rarely 
putting out any branches, unlefs near the root, whence 
fometimes one or two ftiort lateral branches are produced. 
The leaves are roundifli and flem-clafping, fliarply ferrate 
at the edge, and from their bafe comes out a clofe tuft of 
flowers, furrounded with a leaf as with the calyx ; the 
flowers are five-cornered, and produced the whole length 
of the ftalk. Native of North America. Cultivated in 
1680 ; and flowers in J line. 
51. Campanula Capenfis, or Cape bell-flower : leaves 
lanceolate toothed, hifpid ; peduncles very long ; capfules 
ftrigofe. Root annual ; ftem round. Native of the Cape 
of Good Hope; flowers in Auguft and September, ripens 
its feeds in October, and then dies. 
52. Campanula elatines : leaves cordate, toothed, pu- 
befeent, petioled ; (terns proftrate ; peduncles capillary, 
many-flowered. Root perennial-. The whole plant is 
pubefeent with foft hairs, and is very milky. At the foot 
of the Alps, in the country of -the Valdenfes or Vaudois, 
in rocky ftiady fituations. 
33. Campanula hederacea, or ivy-leaved bell-flower; 
leaves cordate, nve-lobed, petioled, fmooth ; Item lax. 
Root perennial, fibrous, (lender, creeping. Native of„ 
England and Wales, Denmark, France, and Spain, iirmoift 
(hady places. It was ftrft difeovered to grow in this coun¬ 
try, fays'Johnfon in Gerarde, by Mr. George Bowles in 
1632, who found it in Montgomeryfhire ; in Cornwall and 
Devonfhire it is common ; in Bagley-wood near Oxford ; 
near Baly, Maresfield, See. in Suflex ; near Sheffield and 
Halifax in Yorkfhire ; and on lipping Foreft. Said to be 
common in the weftern counties, and many parts of Wales? 
It flowers from May to Auguft. 
"g F 54. Campanula 
