6 5 4 C A M 
flowers will be in the greateft perfection, Thefe plants, 
being extremely hardy, may be planted in any lituation ; 
thofe with tingle Heavers do not merit a place in gardens. 
Spreading or field bell-flower, eervienria, or waved- 
leaved bell-flower, and rock bell-flower, with feveral 
others, may be propagated by feeds, fovvn in the autumn; 
for fuch as are fown in the ipring often fail, or at leaft lie 
a year in the ground. When the plants coine up, they 
fhould be removed into beds, and kept clean from weeds. 
A few plants of the thirty-ninth fort may be fet in pots, to 
be lheltered in winter. 
The medium, commonly called Coventry or Canterbury 
bells, is propagated by feeds, fown in the Ipring in an open 
bed of common earth. When the plants are fit to remove, 
they are to be tranfplanted into other beds in the flower- 
mirfery, fix inches afunder, obferving to water them fre¬ 
quently till they have taken new root ; after which they 
will require no other culture, but to keep them clean from 
weeds till the following autumn, when they may be trani- 
planted into.the borders of the flower-garden. As thefe 
plants perifli the fecond year, young ones fhould be railed 
annually for a fucccllion. 
Venus’s looking-glafs is commonly fown in patches in 
the borders of the flower-garden among other hardy annu¬ 
als in the ipring; but, if it be fown in autumn, it will grow 
much taller, and flower a month earlier, namely in May. 
74.. This, not producing feeds in England, is only propa¬ 
gated by offsets, which fhould be taken off in Augiift, that 
they may get good root before cold weather comes in. They 
mu ft be planted in fmall pots, filled with frefh, light, 
loamy, earth, and placed in the fhade until they have taken 
root ; then they may be put along with other hardy exotic 
plants ; and in autumn they muff be removed into (helter, 
for, in fevere winters, plants which are expofed are often 
deflroyed ; though in mild winters they will live in the 
open air. 
The directions given above, under the different afti- 
cles, may ferve for all the other hardy annuals, biennials, 
and perennials, of which this genus chiefly conlifts. Some 
of tIre lpecies come from the Cape ; thefe mult be kept in 
the dry fiove, and otherwife treated like the plants from 
that country ; they may in general be inc-reafed from cut¬ 
tings. See Canarina, Hamellia, Lin um, Lobelia, 
Phyteuma, and Roella. 
CAMPANULA'TA, £. in botany. SeeI.iNN.ffiA. 
CAMP'BELL (Archibald), earl arid marquis of Argyle, 
was the fon of ’Archibald earl of Argyle, by lady Anne 
Douglas, daughter of William earl of Morton. He was 
born in 1558, and educated in the profeliion of the pro- 
tefiant religion. He conflantly acted the part of a pa¬ 
triot, and of a good fubjeCt, though he could not come 
into all the meafuresof the king’s ministers ; he particu¬ 
larly opp.ofed Laud’s fclieme for changing the conflitution 
of the church ; and, in 1641, he was created marquis: lie 
exerted himfelf in defence of Charles I. oppofed Crom¬ 
well on his entering Scotland ; and on the coronation of 
Charles II. at Scone,' in January 16 51, he fet the crown 
upon his head, and was the firft nobleman that fwore alle¬ 
giance to him. Neverthelefs, after the reftoration, coming 
to London to congratulate his majelly upon his return, 
lie was committed, to the Tower withou: being allowed 
to tee the king, and afterwards feat to Scotland. The 
earl of Middleton, his inveterate enemy, was appointed 
lord high commitlioner on purpofe to try him. He was 
condemned for high treafon, on account of his compliance 
with the ufurpation ; and was beheaded at the crofs of 
Edinburgh, May 27, 1661. He behaved on the fcaffold 
with Angular intrepidity : his laft words were, “I defire all 
tliat hear me, to take notice and remember, that now, 
when I am entering on eternity, and am to appear before 
my Judge, and as l delire lalvation, I am free from any 
accc-tlion, by knowledge, contriving, counfcl, orany other 
•way, to his late majetiy’s death.” He wrote, 1. Inflrndtions 
to a Son ; and, 2. Defences againtl the grand Indictment of 
High 1 talon. Mr. Granger, in his Biographical Hillory 
CAM 
of England, o'bferves, that “ the marquis of Argyle was, 
in the cabinet, w hat his enemy the marquis of Montrofe 
was in field, the firft character of his age and country for 
political courage and conduct. Such were his abilities, 
that lie could accommodate himfelf to all characters and 
all times ; and he was the only man in Scotland who was 
daily riling in wealth and power amidft the diftraCtions of 
a civil war.” For the hiftory and honours of this noble 
family, fee Heraldry. 
CAMP’BELL (George, D.D.), born in Argylefhire in 
1696, was educated in St. Salvator’s college, St. Andrew’s, 
where he took his degrees, and obtained a living in the 
highlands of Scotland. In 1728 he was appointed profeffor 
of church hiftory in the new college of St. Andrew’s, and 
foon after pu’olithed his celebrated difeourfe on miracles. 
Jr. 1736 lie publifhed a Vindication of the Chriflian Reli¬ 
gion, which gave great offence to his brethren, becaufe it 
was contrary to the Calviniflical fyflem. He afterwards 
publifhed a Treatife on Moral Virtue, and died in 1757, 
aged fixty-one. 
CAMPBELL (Colin), author of Vitruvius Britannicus, 
3 vols. fol. The belt of his defigns are Wanftead, the 
Rolls, and Mereworth in Kent. Fie was furveyor of the 
works at Greenwich hofpital, and died in 1734. 
CAMP'BELL (John), an eminent hittorical, biogra¬ 
phical, and political, writer, born at Edinburgh, March 8, 
1708. His father, Robert Campbell ot Glenlyon, was cap¬ 
tain of horfe in a regiment commanded by the earl of 
Hyndford ; and his mother Elizabeth, daughter of- 
Smith, Efq. of Windfor in Berkfhire, had the. honour of 
claiming a defeent from the poet Waller. Mr. Campbell, 
their fourth fon, was at the age off five years brought from 
Scotland to Windfor, where he received the firft principles 
of his education ; and vvtis afterwards placed out as clerk 
to an attorney, being intended for ihe law. This pro- 
fefiion, however, he never followed ; but by a clofe ap¬ 
plication to fiudy, he became qualified to appear with 
great advantage in the literary world. In 1736, before he 
had completed his thirtieth year, he gave to the public, in 
two volumes folio. The Military Hiftory of Prince Eugene 
and the Duke of Marlborough, enriched with maps, plans, 
and valuable engravings of the battles. The reputationhe 
thus acquired, occafloned his being folicited to take a part 
in the Ancient Univerfal Hiftory. Wiiilft employed in this 
valuable work, Mr. Campbell found lei hire to entertain 
the world with other productions. Ini 1739, he publifhed 
the Travels and Adventures of Edward Brown, Efq. 8vo. 
In the fame year appeared his Memoirs of the Bafhaw 
Duke de Ripperda, Svo. reprinted, with improvements, 
in 1740. Thefe Memoirs were followed, in 1741, by the 
Concite Hiftory of Spanifli America, Svo. In 1742, he 
was the author of A Letter to a Friend in the Country, on 
the Publication of Thurloe’s State Papers ; giving an ac¬ 
count of their difeovery, importance, and utility. The 
fame year came out the firft and fecond volumes of his 
Lives of the Englifli Admirals, and other eminent Britifli 
Seamen. The two remaining volumes were completed in 
1744; and the whole, not long after, was tranflated into 
German. Tips was tfie firft of Mr. Campbell’s works to 
which he prefixed his name; and it is a performance of 
great and acknowledged merit. I11 1743, he publifhed 
Hermippus Revived ; a fecond edition of which, much 
improved and enlarged, came out in 1749, under the fol¬ 
lowing title: “ I-lerniippus Redivivus : or, the Sage’s 
Trilimph over old Age and the Grave. W herein a me¬ 
thod is laid down for prolonging the life and vigour of 
411 an ; including a Commentary upon an ancient Infcrip- 
tion, in which this great fecret is revealed ; fupported by 
numerous authorities.” This extraordinary tract had its 
origin in a foreign publication ;, but it was wrought up to 
perfection by the additional ingenuity and learning of Mr. 
Campbell. In 1744 lie gave to the public, in two volumes 
folio, his Collection of Voyag-s and Travels, on Dr. 
Harris’s plan, being a very diftinguiflied improvement of 
that collection which had appeared in 1705. The timeand 
care 
