663 ' CAM 
and kept clean from weeds; and, if they are permitted to 
knitter their feeds, there will be a ftipply of 'young plants 
in the fpring. See D :i ac oc eph a luh . 
CAMPHY'SEN (DirkTheodore Raphael), 3n eminent 
paintei:, born at Gorcum in 1586. He acquired the art 
of painting from Diederic Govertze ; and, by a ftudiotts 
application to it, lie very foon furpaifed his mailer. He 
had an uncommon genius, and lludied nature with great 
judgment and alllduity. His fubjecds were landfcapes, 
niottiy filial 1, with ruinous buildings, huts of peafants, or 
villages on the banks of rivers, with boats and hoys, ge¬ 
nerally reprefersted by moon-light. His pencil is remark¬ 
ably tender and (oft, his colouring" juft, and very tranfpa- 
lent, and his expertnefs in perfpeCtive is feen in the pro¬ 
portional didances of his objects, which are excellently 
contrived, and have a furprifing degree of nature and 
truth. As few of his works are to be met with, they 
bring confiderable prices. He alfo excelled in drawing 
with a pen ; and the defigns which he fimilled in that man¬ 
ner are exceedingly valued. 
CAM'PI (Bernardin), a celebrated painter of Cremo¬ 
na, known by his very valuable pictures, and by a work 
jn Italian on painting, printed at Cremona in 1580, 4to. 
.under the title of Parrere fopra la Pittura ; from whence 
both artilts and admirers find no fmall information. 
CAM'PIAN (Edmund), born at London in 1540, and 
educated-at Chritt’s hofpital. Being a boy of great abi¬ 
lities, he was.chofen while at fcliool to make an oration 
before queen Mary upon her accellion to the crown. He 
was eleCted fcholar of St. John’s college in Oxford, by 
Thomas White, the founder, in 1553. He took his de¬ 
grees of B. A. and M. A. and afterwards went into or¬ 
ders. In 1566, when queen .Elizabeth was at Oxford, he 
made an oration before her, and all’o kept an aCt in St. 
Mary’s church, with very great applaufe from that learn¬ 
ed fovereign. In 156.8 he went into -Ireland, where he 
wrote a hiftory of that country ; but, being discovered to 
have embraced the popilh religion, and to labour for pro- 
felytes, lie was feized and iuiprifoned. He efcaped foon 
after into .England ; but, in 1571, lie went into the Low 
Countries, and lettled in the Englilh college ot Jeluits at 
Douqv, where he openly renounced the proteftant faith, 
and had the degree of B. D. conferred upon him. From 
thence he went to Rome, where he was admitted into the 
Society of Jefuits in 1573, and was afterwards fent by the 
general of his order into Germany. He compofed a tra¬ 
gedy called Nectar and Ambrolia, which was acted before 
the emperor with great applaufe. Soon after he fettled at 
Prague in Bohemia, and taught rhetoric and philofophy. 
At length, being called to Rome, he was fent by pope 
.Gregory XIII. into England, where he arrived in June, 
1580. Here lie feems to have challenged the Englilh 
clergy to a deputation, by a piece entitled “ Rationes de¬ 
cern oblati certaminis in caufa fidei, redditae Academicis 
AngJiae,” which was printed in 1581. Campian was foon 
afterwards taken into cuftody, and conveyed to the Tower 
of London, with a paper fattened to his hat, on which 
was written, “ Edmund Campion, a moft pernicious Je- 
iiiit.” Being found guilty of high treafon, in adhering 
io the bi(hop of Rome the queen’s enemy, and in coming 
to England to difturb the peace and quiet of the realm, 
he was hanged and quartered at Tyburn on the ift of De¬ 
cember, 1581. Belides the books already mentioned, lie 
wrote, 1. Chronoiogia univerfalis ; a very learned work. 
2. Nine Articles, directed to the Lords of the Privy- 
.Council, in 1581. 3. Various Conferences, concerning 
Religion, had with protettant Divines, in the Tower of 
London in 158 1. 4. Narratio de Divortio .Henrici VIII. 
Regis ab Uxore Catheriria, &c. The manufeript of his 
plittory of Ireland was found in the Cotton library, and 
publifhed at Dublin by Sir James Ware, in 1633. 
C AM PJCUR'SIO,/. in the ancient military art, a march 
.of armed men for feveral miles, from and back again to 
the camp, to inttruCt them in the military pace. '1 hisex- 
'Crcile was .pearly akin to the decurfioj from which it only 
C A M 
differed, in that the latter was performed by horfemen s 
the former by foot. 
CAMPiDOCTO'RES, or Campiductor.es, in the 
Roman army, were officers who inttruded the foldiery in 
the dilcipline and exercifes of war, and the art of hand¬ 
ling their weapons to advantage. Thele are foinetiines 
called .campiircni, qnd armidoEtores. 
C AMPIDUC'TOR.yi in middle-age writers, fignifies 
the leader or commander of an army, or party. 
CAMPI'GLIA, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Tuf- 
cany, twenty-fix miles fouth of Volterra. 
CAMPIL'LO, a town of Spain, in the country of Se¬ 
ville, three leagues weft of Antequera. 
C AM'PION, a town of Chinefe Tartary, fixty miles 
north of the great wall. Lat. 40. 25. N. Ion. 122. 30. E. 
Ferro. 
CAM'PION,/. in botany. See Agrosmemma, Cu- 
cubalus, and Lychnis. 
CAMPISTRON' (Jean Galbert), born at Touloufe in 
1615. His tatte for poetry and the belles lettres led him 
to Paris ; where he took Racine for his guide in the dra¬ 
matic career. Racine, while he was forming Campiftron 
for the department of the drama, was not inattentive to 
promote the fortune of the young poet. Having propofed 
him to the duke de Vendome for the compolidon of the 
heroic pattoral of Acis, which he defigned thou Id be re- 
prefented at his chateau of Anet; that prince firft made 
him fecretary of his orders, and then lecretary-general of 
the gallies. He afterwards got him made knight of the 
military order of St. James in Spain, commandant of Chi- 
mene, and marquis of Penange in Italy. The poet, now 
become necellary to the prince, by tire cheerfttlnefs of his 
temper and the vivacity of his imagination, attended him 
on his travels into various countries. He died the nth of 
May, 1723, of air apoplexy, at the age of fixty-feven. 
While fecretary to the duke de Vendome, lie found it a 
more expeditious way to burn the letters written to his 
matter, than to anfwer them. Accordingly, the duke, fee¬ 
ing him before a large fire, in which he was catting a heap 
of papers, “ There fits Campiftron (faid he), employed 
in anlvvering nry correfpondents.” Fie followed the duke 
wherever he went. At tire battle of Steinkerque, the 
duke, feeing him always betide him, faid, “ What do you 
here, Campiftron?” “Monfeigneur (anfwered he), lam 
waiting to go back with you.” This fedatenefs ot mind 
in a moment of fo much danger was highly pleafingto the 
hero. His plays, 3 vols. i2nro. 1750, have gone through 
many editions. 
CAMPl'TZE, in ecclefiaftical hiftory, an appellation 
given to the donatifts, on account of their affembling in 
tire fields for want of churches. For a linrilar reafon, they 
were alfo denominated Montenfes and Rupitani. 
CAMPITEL'LO, a town of theiflandof Corttca, four¬ 
teen miles fouth of Baftia. 
CAMP'MENT,/ [campement , Fr.] In military taffies, 
a feletl party deftined to go before the main army to mark 
out the ground for a camp. It conlifts of a quarter-maf- 
ter and trooper from every troop of horfe, and a ferjeant 
and corporal from every regiment of foot, refpedlively 
under the command of a field-officer ; fo that, when the 
army arrives, every battalion finds the ground and divi- 
fions marked out whereon to pitch their tents. 
CAM'PO (Antonio), an Italian author, born at Cre¬ 
mona in the fifteenth century, is looked upon by his coun¬ 
trymen as a very good hiftorian of that important town of 
the duchy of Milan. His hiftory is in Italian. The bed 
edition is that of 1585 at Cremona, in folio, It is not fo 
much efteenred for its.matter, as for the plates by Augufi. 
tin Carachi. It is fcarce, and much fought aftfer,; but the 
edition of Milan in 4to. is greatly inferior in value. 
CAM'PO, a town of Italy, a fief of the empire, in the 
date of Genoa : thirteen miles north- weft of Genoa. 
CAM'PO BAS'SO, a city of Italy, in the kingdom of" 
Naples, and capital of the Molife, fituated in a fertile 
plain, abounding in all the neceffaries .ot life. The air is 
1 whole- 
