CAN 
river Irwell, be}ow the junftion thereof with the Roach, 
or on the river Calder, between Deyne-Head and Sulter- 
Hebble. J lie above are not to pafs any lock, except when 
the water (hall How from the wade weir of fuch lock. 
Somerset Coal Canal. 
This canal joins the Kennetand Avon navigation, in the 
parith of Bradford, near Limpley-ftoke, and goes parallel 
with Mitford-brook to Mittord-nnll, where one branch 
takes a welterly courle, and palfes Coombe-Hay, by a 
tunnel of near three quarters of a mile, Dunkerion, Ca¬ 
mel ton, to High- Littleton ; a length of ten miles from the 
junction and eight lrom Mitford-mill, from which place 
there is a rife of 138 feet. The other branch joins at Mit¬ 
ford-mill, and taking a foutherly courle palfes Wellow, 
Foxcote, Writhlington, and goes about a mile beyond 
Raddock, to Welton coal-works, being (even miles and a 
half from Mitford-brook, with 138 feet rife; there are fe- 
veral rail-roads in conneblion with the canal. The rates 
are : For coal, culm, and coke, two-pence halfpenny per 
ton per mile. For iron (lone, iron-ore, lead-ore, calamine, 
and other minerals, iron, lead, and cinders, carried on the 
canal, or rail-ways, &c. four-pence per ton per mile. For 
lime, lime-ftone, free-done, tiles, Hate, gravel, bricks, tim¬ 
ber, flag-dones, and other Hones, clay, and land, carried 
on the canal or rail-roads, three-pence per ton. For cattle, 
iheep, fwine, and other beads, four-pence per ton per mile. 
For all other goods, wares, Sec. carried on the canal or 
rail-roads, four-pence per ton per mile. Exemptions: Pro¬ 
prietors of coal-works may convey the coal railed from 
fuel) works, and any coke made therefrom, upon rail-ways 
to the canal, without paying any rates, provided tiie carri¬ 
age be made according to the directions of the committee. 
For travelling on the rail-way : every horfe or afs, one 
penny. For every cow or other neat cattle, one halfpenny. 
Foor Iheep, fwine, and calves, five-pence per fcore. 
Swansea Canal 
Commences at the town of Swanfea in the county of 
Glamorgan, palfes I.landoor, the copper-works at Morris¬ 
town, and, running parallel with the river Tawe, erodes the 
river Twrch, and finifhes at Hen-novadd, about four miles 
beyond Ydradgunlais. The length of the canal'is Seven¬ 
teen miles, with 323 feet rile. The rates are: For iron, 
goods, merchand.fe, &c. four-pence per ton per mile. For 
iron-cadings, three-pence per ton per mile. For pig-iron, 
two-pence halfpenny per ton per mile. For iron-dune, cal¬ 
cined iron ore, iron-ore, rotten-done, coal, culm, Hone- 
coal, coke, cinders, charcoal, timber, done, tiles, bricks, 
and clay, three halfpence per ton per mile. For lime-done, 
lime, and all kinds of manure, one penny per ton per 
mile. For lime, lime-done, and manure, pafTmg from 
Swanfea to the fouth boundary of the Fee of Trevvydafa, 
(about two miles,) one halfpenny per ton per mile. 
Wisbeach Canal. 
This navigation joins the Wifbeach river at the Old 
Sluice in the town of Wifbeach, palfes Elm, and at Out- 
well communicates.with Well-creek and the river Nene in 
the pari fit of Outwell, in the Ifle of Ely, and in t he county 
of Norfolk. The length is about fix miles. The rates are : 
For every chaldron of coals, hundred of battens, half 
hundred of (ingle deals, quarter of a hundred of double 
deals, load of fir-timber, four packs of wool, five quar¬ 
ters of oats, load of turf, reed, (edge, hay, Hax, or hemp, 
5,00 pantiles, 1000 flat-tiles, 500 bricks, twenty cubic feet 
of done, pipe, butt, puncheon, or piece, of wine or fpiri- 
tuous liquors, fix facks of flour, flye barrels of ale, beer, 
or porter, chaldron of lime, one (hilling. For every five 
quarters of wheat, barley, muflard-feed, hemp-feed, rape- 
feed, linfeed, rye, peafe, or beans, one diilling and fix- 
pence. For all other goods, one (hilling per ton, and fo in 
proportion. Exemptions: officers or foldiers on their march, 
with their horfes, arms, baggage, &c. timber or other 
Sores for the ufe of his majedy : s fervice, any materials be- 
A Lie - 691 
longing to, or for the ufe of, the corporation ef Bedford 
Level, or any of their works ; provided proper certificates 
be produced ; any done, gravel, &c. for the pur; ofe only 
ol making or repairing t he Widieach turnpike-road,or any 
other public road in any parifh through which the canal 
duill pals. Hufbandry-boats alfo may be ufedby owners of 
adjoining lands, (not to carry lime or lime-(lone,) but not 
to pafs any lock without paying the cudomary rate pf 
tonnage. 
Warwick and Braunston Canal. 
This navigation joins the Warwick and Birmingham ca¬ 
nal, on the north-wed lide of the town of Warwick ; and, 
eroding the Avon, proceeds by Radford, Offchurch, Long- 
Itchington, where it erodes the Watergall, by Lemington- 
I-ladings, Granborotigh, where it erodes the Leame; and 
at 'Brattndon joins the Oxford canal. T he length is about 
twenty miles. The rates are : For coals, iron, timber, 
&c. not exceeding eight miles, and palling a lock or locks, 
two-pence per ton per mile. For coals, iron, timber, &c. 
carried on the canal more than feven and not exceeding 
fifteen miles, two-pence per ton for the fil'd feven miles; 
and one penny per ton for every mile beyond the (even, 
and not exceeding thirteen, miles. For coals, iron, tim¬ 
ber, Sec. not palling any lock, three halfpence per ton per 
mile. For coal, iron, timber, Sec. carried the whole length 
of the canal, or more than thirteen miles, three halfpence 
per ton per mile. For lime and lime-done, only half the 
above tolls. For free-done, tiiree halfpence per ton per 
mile; empty boats palling for tiie purpofe of fetching free- 
done, to go toll-free. Exemptions: Paving-Hones, gra¬ 
vel, fand, &c. for making and repairing roads; dung, foil, 
mqrl, or other manure, (lime and lime-done excepted,)• 
for ihe improvement only of the lands- of any perfon, 
whole grounds, &c.,frail have been taken for the ufes of 
this canal; provided the fame do not pafs any lock, but 
when the water diall flow over the wade weir. 
Forth and Clyde Canal, in Scotland. 
Scotland is nearly divided info two parts by the rivers 
Fortli and Clyde. The Forth falls into the ead fea below- 
Edinburgh, and has a communication with the whole ext¬ 
ern coall of Great Britain ; with Fiance, Oftend, Holland, 
Hamburgh, Pm Ilia, Dantzic, Rullia, Sw eden, Denmark, 
Norway, and Greenland. The Clyde falls into the Atlan¬ 
tic Ocean below Glafgow, and communicates with the 
weflern coaft of Great Britain, with Ireland, the fouth of 
France, Portugal, Spain, the Mediterranean, America,, 
and the Wed Indies. Thefe two rivers thus falling in 
oppofite directions into the two leas which environ ottr 
ifland, and the neck of land between them being fcarcely 
twenty-four miles in breadth, fuggeded the idea of a junc¬ 
tion between them, to open a communication acrofs the 
kingdom, and thereby render unneceifary the long and 
dangerous navigation by the Land’s-end and the Pentland 
frith. An objedt of fuch general'utility did not efcape 
the attention of Charles II. who, amidd all his gallantries, 
was the great promoter of every defign which tended to 
encourage trade and navigation. That monarch propofed 
to open a paffage for tranfports and fm'all frips of war, at 
the expence of 500,00c!. but the fum was much too great 
to be railed in his reign, and the defign was confequently' 
laid afide. The affairs of the continent engaged the at¬ 
tention of fucceeding princes till the beginning of the pre- 
fent reign, when the earl of Chatham, endued with all 
the penetration and magnanimity of an able datefman, pro¬ 
pofed to carry the defign immediately into execution, at 
the public expence, on a fmaller fcale than the original- 
plan, but Hill diffident to admit veflels of burthen. Un«- 
fortunately the refignation of that great man, among other 
caufes, prevented the execution of a projeCt fo beneficial 
to thefecurity and expedition of the Britidi navigation in 
the northern feas. The fcheme, thus abandoned a fecond 
time by the date, was now taken up by individuals, fome 
of whom were fufpcCted of private* views, inimical to the. 
general. 
