-too CANAL. 
that the motion may be made to multiply. For it mud be 
obferved, that as the plane will be fometimes fix, {even, 
eight, or more, times, the length of the pit, the boat will 
have to pats through fo much more fpace than the tub ; 
hence the movements mud multiply in proportion. For 
fuppefe the plane fix times as !ong s as the pit is deep ; in 
that cafe let the fphr-w heel on the drum be three times the 
diameter of the drum, which will multiply the movement 
three times, leaving three to be made on the other parts of 
machine ; the drum and fpur-wheel being formed, a pinion 
may work in the fpur, to the (haft of which a pair of fans 
will regulate the inctcafed velocity of the tub in returning. 
The drum being fixed, the tub is to be fufpended by two 
or more chains, and on the oppolite fide a Weight, to re¬ 
turn the tub to the top of the pit when the water is dif- 
cbarged. The balance chains, which are equal in length to 
depth of the pit, and equal in weight to the tub chain's, 
mud be fixed, one end to the bottom of the tub, the other 
to the bottom of the weight ; and thus, as the tub and 
weight rife and defcend alternately, there will ever be the 
fame quantity of chain pendant, which wili preferve a 
condant balance on the works. E, an incl ined wheel, placed 
on an angle with the plane. This wheel du n Id be of fuch 
a diameter, that its extremities might come exactly oppo- 
iite to the centre of the two planes; and, to keep the chain 
on the wheel, drong pins mud be fixed, on which the links 
of the chain might catch fucceflively, to prevent their 
flipping. Oa the upper part of this wheel, fegments of 
bevil gear mud alfo be fcrewed, of the fame diameter as 
the wheels. Awheel of’the fame (ize and conflrufbion, 
excepting the bevil gear, mud be placed at the bottom of 
the plane, and over the lower pond of the canal mud be 
horizontal. Round thefe wheels the leading chains-per¬ 
form a rotatory movement; a dopper being placed on the 
upper wheel to prevent; It turning back. F, a lying- (baft, 
tcf convey the power from the drum to the inclined wheel, 
By this the remainder of the multiplied movement is per¬ 
formed ; by a fmall pinion working in the (pur-gear of the 
drum, and alarge.beyil working in the bevil of the inclined 
wheel, the pinion end mud be made to cad in and out of 
the drum-gear at pleafure, particularly tolet the tub re¬ 
turn. G, a bevil wheel with a fmall lhaft, receiving mo¬ 
tion from the inclined wheel: to the fltuft a rope is affixed, 
and continued round a pulley, to a beam projecting from 
the front of the building; the ufe of this is to draw 
the boat out of the upper canal on.the bridge of the 
plane, by the weight of the defcenfing boat, or tub, giving': 
motion to the inclined wheel. When the rope is hooked to 
tl>e boat, a pull will draw a knot, which anfiwers as.a dop¬ 
per, quite to the lever H, which moving, the lever drops 
the wheel into gear. When it has railed the boat to a cer¬ 
tain point, another knot, drawing tiie lever-.:i inwards,,and 
fitting the wheel out of gear, ,-ccafiqns it to remain inac¬ 
tive, although the other parrs of the machine are in motion. 
This mode of railing the .boats out of the upper canal, on 
the bridge of the plane, keens a condant.funply ready to 
defcend. I, a ftop to. the boat, when drawn or. the bridge 
of the plane, o prev ent i’ from i Tce tding before the man 
is ready. Fo place tins’, a fpaue mu it be madia- in the plane, 
.between the rails, aboti , live feet long. The Hopper ratty 
be a frame of wood, projecting aboti r five feet, above the 
plane, and defeendim: beneath it, where.it nut ft. be framed 
into a lhaft, working oii gudgeons, one end of the lhaft- 
projecting about three feet from the fide of the plane ; to. 
the limit a. weight -.nu'ft be fu-lpended, by. a .chain, which 
weignt will raife it to a t erpendjcular, after the boat lias • 
palled ; by \yh;c.h it fattens un ’er the end of the letter, and 
Hops the next b at, and lo on fucceflively.. IC, centrifugal 
fans, computed. of wo ut, a -I hung jo a perpendicular (lnft, 
by hofics on ’he fair', and, t gudgeon through .the IJiaft. 
Thcle fans, as .the weight'- ire heavy, and increafe. in velo¬ 
city, expand, creating felitl.mce by their aftioii on the fair, 
by v. licit 'hey regulate the ni n'i m. L, a lying fln’fr with 
two fieels; one fmall, Working in the .inclined wheel, 
mother of a diameter four times larger than the /firft, 
2 . . '' v ■ 
working on the pinion of the fan-fliaft, which is to multiply 
the fpeed of the fans, and by which they create greater re¬ 
mittance. Fig. 2, reprefents the tub or cittern, capable of 
containing eight tons of water. It may be made of wood, 
or (beet iron, like the boiler of a deam engine, having in the 
bottom a hole, acrols which is a drong bar of iion, and in 
a right line wjth it, another bar mud be placed acrofs the 
top of the tub. Through each of the bars, and in the 
center of the tub, palfes a perpendicular iron-rod, on which 
a waive is fixed, liifficiently large to cover and dop the 
hole in the tub; and lo placed on the perpendicular rod, 
that, when it is'clofe Unit, the bar will project about eigh¬ 
teen inches below the'bottom of .the tub. The ufe of this 
is, th,at when the tub defeends to the bottom of the pit, the 
rod may drike againd the ground, and, riling the valve by 
means of the blow, may let out the water from the tub. 
Fig. 3, the balance chains, appended equally to the tub, a, 
and to a counter-poifimg weight, b. Fig. 4, the inclined 
wheel, with its bevil gear, dopper, and pins, to fecure the 
leading chains. Fig. 5, reprefents the boat entering the 
upper canal, and the mode of feparating from the leading 
chains, in confequence of the form of the hook, which 
hook is made with a pin about four inches long, eroding at 
a right angle through the head ; by this means, fo long as 
the boat-chains are in a diagonal direction, in afeending or 
defeending, the hook will hold fad to the leading chain; 
but, on entering the different ponds, the roller cattfes the 
boat-chains to rife in a perpendicular direition, by which 
the pin prelfes on the link, and turns out the bill of the 
hook, leaving the boat at liberty to run intojhe canal, 
without Hopping the machine for that purpofe, which is 
the means of having much time, the bargeman paying no 
attention to the unhooking of the boats. It mud be evi¬ 
dent, that, if tlie machine was Hopped each time to unhook, 
the man would have to pafs from one place to another for 
that purpofe, and confequently lofe much time, but, by 
the hooks catting offthemfelves, the man’s-whole attention 
is employed in preparing boats to rife, or defcend ; hence 
the machine is capable of being kept in almolt condant^ 
motion, and the boats rife and delcend, in regular fucceffion, 
with very little interruption ; the fame mode of cading off 
being performed both at top and bottom of the plane 
Fig 6, exhibits the mode of palling very long timber, all 
twenty-loots being pm into the barge. Each plane is pre¬ 
pared with a carriage for tins purpofe ; and the. timber 
being chained in four ton parcels, or rafts, is floated on the 
canal, one horfe conveying eight, ten, or twelve, fuch rafts. 
On arriving at the plane, each, in (uccefildn, is to be floated 
on the carriage, and, being hook - i to the leading chain, 
they will confequenvly mount or defcend the plane, w ith, 
the fame facility as a boat, and, by this means, timber of 
any length of dimeniions may be tranfpo'rted by a fmall 
canal. The raid -roads, or fail- ways, fo often mentioned in 
this treatife, as 1 an appendage to navigable canals, have 
ufitally been conftrufcte.d as a medium between lock-canals 
and cartage, in order to lave 'he expence of extending the 
canal to the particular works, or mines, in its neighbour¬ 
hood. But, as the fmall boats above recommended fo 
materially reduce the expence of canals, they come nearer 
to the principle,of rail roadSj w ith which they may there¬ 
fore be- compared The ufu.il eftvmate oi rail-rogds is 
aboti' 1600I. per mile.-which are (ingle", with pa fling places, 
and calculated only for a.oefcending trade.; the whole being 
formed of a gradual uelcent from the Works or mine's 'to • 
the canal; and are fo conft-rifetcd, that a horfe may return 
the empty waggons with the fame eafe the full ones de>- 
feend ; on thele the average work is abput five tons to a : 
horfe, def ending at the rate of three miles per. hour, Or 
one ton ulcenciing., at/near the fame Ipe'cd ; but on which 
the wear of waggons is very co,n(ider. ble ; while the h ad- 
itig into waggons, then unloading at the canal, where there ' 
is.'ufudlly a depolit for vyant of boats, and again loading 
into boats, tends not only to increafe the ex pence vi 'con¬ 
veyance, and injure the various articles, but is pr hiiflive 
of great delay. In fait, there can be no idea formed of the 
pxpence 
