The MEDIUM PLANE. 
Ia the navigable canal fyflern, long (loping grounds will 
fometimes intervene, where it would be mipoltible to ob¬ 
tain a rile of (efficient importance to eredt the apparatus 
before defcVibed, as a building, wheels, &c. would be tlie 
fame to a twenty as to a 200 feet afeent; the expence 
would consequently increafe on tlie works, and the num¬ 
ber of engine-men would add-t'o the expence of conveyance. 
Nor would it befiyliemaric or advifeable to ule locks in Such 
Situations, although the lock might be fo coiifirudled as to 
take in ten boats at a time, five in length and two in breadth; 
yet the man feparating his line of boats in the centre, and 
placing them 'firde by fide to pals the lock, then forming 
the line, and again fide by fide to pals the next lock, and fo 
on, when he could rife or defeehd but eight feet by fitch 
operation, would be a tedious work. Or if only two or three 
boats w.ereto pafs at a time, the wafte of water would be 
fo great as might produce reftridtioas on palling a fmall 
number in dry feafons, as before-obferved of canals on the 
lock principle, which would consequently be an interrup¬ 
tion of free intercourse; nor could a large trade thus be 
conducted with facility. The medium plane wiif therefore 
in thefe cafes afford the means of mounting from twenty to 
•thirty feet at one time. In forming this, we will fuppofe 
,a rile of twenty feet, where a (ingle plane, or an angle of 
.about twenty degrees, is to be extended from one level to 
the other; alfo lixty feet of fuch plane palling into each 
canal, turned hollow on entering the lower pond, and 
bridged on turning into the upper level. On the top and 
near the centre ol the bridge a ffrong framing is to be con- 
Yirudted, eroding the plane, in which a roller is placed Simi¬ 
lar to that under the vertical wheel in the laft machine, 
4md for the fame purpofe ; two pulleys are alfo fixed to the 
frame in order to guide the leading chains over the centre 
of the plane. A water-wheel mult alfo be erected near the 
.fide of the plane to create the neceffary power, on the Shaft 
of which a pinion working in a wheel will put a roller or 
drum in motion., on which the leading chains are to lap, 
which roller may be .caff in and out of gear by a lever ; 350 
feet of chain muff then be fixed to the roller, and pafs thro* 
-the pulleys over the plane. We will now fuppofe-ten or 
any lefs number of boats ready to .defeehd at one operation; 
the leading chain, making a double under the roller, is 
(looked to the ftern of the third boat; and, the wheel being 
put .in.motion, it will draw the three fir ft boats over the 
bridge of the plane, the other (even following: the-three 
boats, being now oh the Sharp angle, will have power Suffi¬ 
cient to draw cut the remainder ; the water is then (lopped 
from.the wheel, and the chain dill continuing hooked to 
;lie -boat, they will begin to defeend in regular rotation ; 
the,chain, descending with the boats, will turn the vvater- 
-whee.1 .backwards, and aiuwer as a break to regulate the 
velocity, .On a bargeman arriving at a plane, the whole 
.operation is to hook the chain to the third boat, if there 
are three,, or to the ftern of one, if there is no more, and 
let the wheel in motion; on that boat to which the chain 
is hooked, mounting the bridge, the water is (lopped from 
■the wheel, and the whole line of boats begins immediately 
to defeend i.nto the lower canal ; during which the man 
.attends to the break, and the time in performing this 
operation will not exceed Seven minutes. I11 aj'cend- 
ing, the Speed will consequently be in proportion to the 
power of the water-wheel; it will therefore be advife- 
ablc to give power to the wheel in order to fave time ; in 
riling there will be three boats out of water on the plane at 
a time, the plane out of water being- Sixty feet long ; the 
boats and their cargoes wiil weigh-about Seventeen tons, 
this, on a plane of twenty degrees, will be a refinance of 
about five tons, friction confide red, perhaps fix tons ; to 
raife this, if we fuppofe an overfall .wheel fifteen feet dia¬ 
meter, and the roller on winch the chain laps one foot and 
a quarter, or to that ettedt, by tooth on pinion, the power 
.will increafe as one to twelve, and-ohe ton adliial ptirchafe 
.on the wived will raife twelve on the plane; the wheel 
£>puld...therefore be conftrudted to give one and a half tons 
C A N 
ptirchafe, or nearly fo ; and, for this purpofe, Should hold 
about two tons of water; fitch a wheel would perforin 
twelve revolutions in one- minute, and draw the boats 
forty-five ieet up the plane in that time, or 270 feet 
in Six minutes, by which they would enter the upper canal. 
To perform this operation, the leading chain is continued 
over the ten boats in the lower canal, and hooked to the 
fieri) ol the laft boat; the hook of each boat is alS'o fixed 
in a link of the chain ; thus the ten chains, being hooked 
to the leading.chain, the Wheel is put in motion, and the 
whole moving forwards afeend the plane, calling off from 
the leading chain as they pafs the bridge, and run into the 
upper canal, where they are immediately ready for naviga¬ 
tion : the whole of this afeending operation may be per¬ 
formed in ten minutes, the defeending boats being palled in 
feven, the average may be effimated at nine minutes ; 
lienee, forty tons palling in nine minutes, 3200 may be 
transferred in twelve hours. 
A correct view of this apparatus, with the water-wheel 
at work, is given in the lower compartment of Plate III. 
of Canal Navigation. The center exhibits an elevation 
or the upper works of the Jingle inclined plane, and the top 
compartment delineates thofe of the double inclined plane ; 
whereby it is prefumed an adequate idea may be formed of 
Mr: Fulton’s (yftent and apparatus, forfavingthe intmenfe 
cxpenceof lockage, and for extending the benefits of canal 
navigation to every diftridt, whether producing a fmall or 
a large trade, either in manufactures, or in the Spontaneous 
productions of the earth, 
C ANALI'CULATED, adj. [from canaliculatus, Lat.] 
Channelled ; made like a pipe or gutter. 
CANANDA'QUA, a poll town, lake, and creek,inOn- 
tario county, New-(fork, in the United American States. 
It is the county town, Situated on the north end of the lake 
of the fame name, at its outlet into Canandaqua creek. 
This is the feite of an ancient Indian town of the fame 
name, and hand? on the road from Albany to Niagara, 
twenty-two miles eaft from Hartford ; Sixteen miles welt of 
Geneva, and 235 miles north-weft from New-York. 
CANA'NO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, 
and province of Calabria Ultra: two miles SSE. Reggio. 
CAN’ANO'RE, a Tea-port town of Hindooftan, on’the 
coaft of Malabar, built by Admeyda, the viceroy of Por¬ 
tugal, in the Eaft Indies : it withstood a long Siege by the 
armies of Calicut and Canancre. This fiege was occasioned 
by one Goes, the Portuguefe governor, who, having taken 
an Arabian (hip, fewed up the whole crew in the Sails, and 
flung them into the fea. This Shocking barbarity fo ex 
aSperated the ruling prince of Cananore, that lie-deter¬ 
mined to exterminate the Christians. Pie immediately laid 
liege to the fort, and the garrison were reduced to the laft: 
extremity by.famine, when they were relieved by Triftande 
Cunha, who arrived very opportunely with his fleet. It 
was taken by the Dutch in 1664, who established a fadlory 
there. The country furnishes a large quantity of pepper, 
cardamoms, ginger, myrobolans, and tamarinds. It was 
taken by the English, under general Abercrombie, in fight 
of Tippoo Saib, on the 17th, of December, 1790. Fifteen 
miles north-eaft of Teliicheri, and 100 weft South-weft of 
Seringapatam. Lat. 11. 5 5. N. Ion. 75. 14. E. Greenwich. 
C ANA'PLES, a town of France, in the department of 
the Somme : ten miles north of Amiens. 
.CANA'RA. See Canhara. 
.CAN A'RI, a town of tite iShtnd of Corfica : four leagues 
north-weft of Baftia. 
CAN A'RI I, a people near Mount Atlas in Africa, who 
received this name becaufe they fed in common with-their 
dogs. Pliny. 
CAN ARI'NA,/I [from the Canary iflands, of which it 
is a native.] The Canary Bell-flower; in botany, a 
genus of the clafs hexandria, order monogynia, natural 
order, cam panacea:. The-generic characters are-—Calyx : 
perianthium Superior: lealiets fix, lanceolate, recurved, 
permanent. Corolla: riionopetalous, bell-form, fix-cleft, 
nerved ; ne diary -of fix valves, equal, dift.ant, covering the 
receptacle. 
