7 o8 CAN 
the tongue is fmall; and the tows are divided. There are 
two fpecies : 
1. 'l'he coehlearia, or crefted boat-bill, is about two 
feet in length : the bill is four inclies long, and of a lingu- 
. ar form, not unlike a boat with the keel uppermoft, or, 
as Come think, like tire bowls of two fpoons placed with 
the hollow parts together; the upper mandible has a pro¬ 
minent ridge at the top, and on each tide of this a long 
..channel, at the bottom of. which the nol'trils arc placed ; 
thefe are oval, and Situated obliquely ; the general colour 
of the bill is dutky, or in fome fpecitnens dark brown ; tine 
/kin between the under jaw capable of d'iftenfion : from tine 
hind head fprings a long black creft, the feathers which 
compofe it are narrow, and end in a point; the middle 
ones are fix inches in length, the others leflen by degrees, 
the outer ones being not more than one inch : between 
the bill and the eye the fkin is bare and dufky ; the plu¬ 
mage on the forehead white ; the red of the bird of a pale 
bluifh alh-'colour; acrofs the lower part of the neck be¬ 
hind is a tranfverfe band of brownifli black, which pafles 
forwards on each liae towards the bread, ending in a point, 
but does not encompafs it ; the fore part of the neck, and 
under parts, are bluilh white, except the belly and thighs, 
which are rufous-; the feathers which hang over the bread 
fire loofe, like thofe of the heron : the tail is three inches 
and a half long, and the wings, when clofed, reach nearly 
to the end ot it ; the leg is three incites in length ; and 
the thigh, front its infection to the knee, four ; the mid¬ 
dle toe tv6p inches and a half; the bare part above the 
knee one inch and a half; the colour of the bare parts yel- 
iowifb brown ; claws black ; the toes are connected at the 
bafe by a membrane, which as in the timbre, is deeped in 
the outer one. It inhabits Cayenne, Guiana, and -Brafil, 
and chiefly frequents fuel) parts as are near the water : in 
Inch places it perches on the trees which hang over the 
dreams, and like the king’s-fifher,,drops down on the dill 
which fivim beneath. It has been thought to live on crabs, 
whence the Linnaean name. 
2. The cancrophaga, or brown boat-bill, a diftinft fpe- 
cies, according to Linnaeus, but which Mr. Latham conli- 
ders as only a variety, is of the fize of the former ; the 
head and crelt the faipe ; the upper parts-, indead of afh- 
rolour, are of a pale rufous brown ; the tail rufous adi ; 
and the under parts wholly of a cream colour; the bill 
and legs of a yellow brown. Its place and manners the 
fame with thofe of the preceding. 
CANCZU'CA, a town, of Poland, in the palatinate of 
ci Lemberg : thirty-fix miles weft of Lemberg. 
CAN'DA, a town of Italy, belonging to the date of 
Venice, in the Polelin de Rovigho : fourteen miles weft- 
fouth-weft of Rovigijo. 
CAN'DA, a river of England, which runs into the Eden, 
at Carlifle. 
CAN'DACE, a queen of Ethiopia, in the age of Au- 
gudus, fo prudent and meritorious that her fucceilbrs al¬ 
ways bore her name. She was blind of one eye. Died. 
CANDAHAR', or Kandahar, a country of Afia, 
formerly an independent kingdom, but, beifig fituated be¬ 
tween the two powerful countries of Perfia and Hindoo- 
flan, became fometimes a province of tire Mogul empire, 
ot others a province of Perfia, till it was again formed in¬ 
to an independent kingdom by Timur Shah Abdalla ; to 
■which he annexed molt of the provinces ceded by the Mo¬ 
gul to Nadir Shah : the military eftablifhment in 1783 was 
200,000 men. It is bounded on the north by the mountain 
of Gor, on the ead by the Indus, on the fouth by Sewee, . 
and on the weft by Perfia. Every where, except towards 
Perfia, the country is mountainous, but produces in a- 
buqdauee all the necedaries of life. Befides Candahar 
Proper, the kingdom includes Cabuliftan, Ghozni, Cu- 
jehemire, part of Segeftan, and part of Chorafan. 
CAN ID A H AR', a city of Ada, and capital of the above- 
gnentioneit kingdom. It is large, and furrounded with 
walls and ditches, once the frontier town of Hindooltun 
towards Perfia. It is fituated in the road from lfaph.au to 
CAN 
Delhi, and confequently is a place of confiderable trade 
and importance. It is fituated on the river Hennend, 
which divides it in two parts. It was taken bv Shah Ab¬ 
bas, fophi of Perfia, in 16 50. Lat. 33. o. N. ion. 65. 30. 
E. Greenwich. \ 
CANDA 1 L', a town of Perfia. in the province of Me- 
cran : 148 miles eaft of Ridge. 
C ANDAU', a town of the duchy of Courland : twenty- 
four miles eaft of Goldingen. 
CAN'DE, a town of France, in the department of the 
Mayne and Loire, and-chief place of a canton, in thedif- 
tr-idi of Segre : ten miles louth-vvell of Segre, and twenty 
weft-north-weft of Angers. . 
CANDEISH', a country of Afia, ip the fouthern part 
of Plindooftan, fituated to tlie fouth of Malwa. It was 
added to the Mogul empire by Acbafi. The foil is fer¬ 
tile, though mountainous, and produces more cotton than 
any oilier province of Plindooftan. The principal towns 
are Burhampour and Champour. 1 
CAN'DEL and Can'dela,/! in botany. See Rhuo- 
CHORA. 
CAN'DELA, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Na¬ 
ples, and province of Capitanata: two miles louth-weft 
of Afcoli. 
C ANDELA'BRUM, f. in botany. See Ceropegia. 
C ANDELA'RES,yi [from candela, Lat. a candle.] The 
name of an order of plants in Linnamsfs Fragments of a 
Natural Method. 
C ANDPILA'RO, a river of Italy, in tlie kingdom of Na¬ 
ples, which runs into the fea, three fouth of Manfredona. 
CAN'DENT, adj. [from candens, Lat.] Hot ; in the 
higheft degree of heat, next to fution.—If a wire be heated 
only at one end, according as that end is cooled upward or 
downward, it refpeflively acquires a verticity, as we have 
declared in wires totally cavdent. Brown. 
CANDERN', a town of Germany, in tire circle of Sua- 
bia, and margraviate of Baden Dourlach : eleven miles 
north-eaft of Bale, and fifty-two fouth of Strafburg. 
CAN'DES, a town of France, in the department of the 
Indre and Loire, and chief place of a canton, in the dil- 
tridt of Chinon, at the conflux of the Vienne and Loire : 
two league* north-weft of Chinon, and two and a half 
Touth-eaft of Saumur. 
CANDET'TA, a fmall ifland in the Adriatic, near tire 
coalt of Greece. Lat. 39. o. N. Ion. 38. 46. E. Ferro. 
CAN'DIA, a large ifland in the Mediterranean, about 
150 nriles in length, and from fifteen to thirty in breadth, 
belonging to the Turks ; well known to tlie ancients under 
the name of Crete, which had once kings of its own ; after 
which it became a Roman province. St. Paul planted 
Chriftianity in this ifland, and Titus was the firft bilhop ; 
it continued with the emperors of the Eaft till it was ta¬ 
ken from Michael Balbus, by the Agarenians, a nation of 
Arabs, who had over-run Spain. From them it was taken 
by the emperor Phocas, and continued with the empire 
till tire time of the crufades, when it was given to Boni¬ 
face, marquis of Montferrat, who was created king of 
Theflalonica ■: by hint it was fold to the Venetians, who 
called it C.uidia, from a fqrtrefs built by the Arabs, and 
named Kirandale, foftened into Candia, which they made 
tlie metropolis. The ifland flouriflted under tlie wife go¬ 
vernment of the Venetian ftate, till, in the year 1S45, it 
was invaded by the Turks, and, after a brave defence, 
the town of Canea was compelled to furrendef : but the 
city of Candia was not taken till twenty-five years after. 
'I'he country abounds in corn and fruit trees : on the hills 
grow vines, which yield excellent wine. Other articles 
of commerce produced in the ifland are wool, oil, (ilk, ho¬ 
ney, and wax. The inhabitants are chiefly Greeks; the 
government is iatrufted to three pachas, with an army of 
about 15,000 men. See Crete. 
CAN'DIA, the capital of the above-mentioned ifland, 
founded by the Arabians, and called Khandak, from 
whence the Venetians formed Candia, a name which they 
gave to this place and the whole ifland. Tills city, after 
the 
