C A N 
the reduction of Canea, and great port of the ifland, (food 
a (lege againft the power of the Turks, from tlie year 1646 
to 1670, when it was compelled te fuiTender, and with it 
the whole ifland, except three towns, Slide, Grabuge, and 
Spina Longa, which afterwards fucceffively fell into the 
power of the Turks, under whom it has ever flnce conti¬ 
nued. Lat. 35. 15. N. Ion. 42. 54. E. Ferro. 
CAN'DIA, a town of Italy, in the Milanefe ; twelve 
Tniles weft of Vercelli. 
■CAN'DIAC (John Lewis), a very furprifing inftance 
of a premature genius, w as born at Candiac, near Niiir.es 
in France, in 1719. In the cradle he di'ftinguiihed his let¬ 
ters : at thirteen months, lie knew them perfectly : at three 
years of age, he read Latin, either printed or in manufcript: 
at four, lie mandated from that tongue : at fix, he read 
Greek and llebiew ; was mafter of the principles of arith¬ 
metic, hiftory, geography, heraldry, and the fcience of 
medals; and had read the beft authors on almoft every 
branch of literature. He died before his feventh year, of 
a complication of diforders, at Paris, in 1726. 
CAN'DICANT, adj. [from candicans, Lat.] Growing 
white; wlvinfli, 
CAN'DID, adj. [from Candidas , Lat.] White. This 
fcnfe is very rare : 
The box receives all black ; but, pour’d from thence, 
The (tones came candid forth, the line of innocence. Dry den. 
Free from malice ; not defirous to find faults ; fair; open; 
ingenuous: 
A candid judge w ill read each piece -of wit 
"With the fame (pint that its author writ. Pope. 
CAN'DIDATE, f. [from candidatus, Lat.] A compe¬ 
titor ; one that folicits, or prppofes himfelf for, fomething 
of advancement, It has generally/or before the thing 
fought : 
'What could thus high thy ralli ambition rife ? 
Art thou, fond youth, a candidate for praife ? Pope. 
Sometimes of: 
Thy firft-fruits of poefy were giv’n 
To make thy (elf a welcome inmate there, 
While yet a young probationer, 
And candidate o/'heav’n. Dry den. 
In the Roman commonwealth, candidates were obliged 
to wear a white gown during the two years of their foli¬ 
ating a place. This garment, according to Plutarch, they 
wore without any other clothes, that the people might 
not fufpect they concealed money for purchafing votes, 
and alfo that they might more ealily flunv to the people 
the fears of thole wounds they had received in the defence 
of the commonwealth. The candidates ufnally declared 
their pretenfions a year before the time of election, which 
they fpent in making intereftand gaining friends. Various 
arts or popularity were pr affiled for this purpofe, and fre¬ 
quent circuits made round the city, and vilits and com¬ 
pliments to all forts of perlons, the procefs of w hich was 
called ambitus. 
CANDIDA'TI MPLITES, anorderof foldiers, among 
the Romans,'who ferved as the emperors body-guards 
to defend him in battle. They were the tailed and the 
ft rouge ft of the troops, anil moft proper to infpire terror. 
They were called candidate, becaufe clothed in white, ei¬ 
ther that they might be more confpicuous, or becaufe 
they were confidered in the way of preferment, 
CAN'DIDLY, adv. Fairly; without trick; without 
malice ; ingenuoufly. 
CAN'DIDNESS, f. Ingenuity; opennefs of temper; 
purity of mind.— It prefently fees the guilt of a finful ac¬ 
tion ; and, on the otlier fide, obferves the candidncfs of a 
man’s .very principles, and the fmcerity of his intentions. 
South. 
To C ANDPFY, v. a. [from candifico, Lat.] To make 
white ; to whiten. 
Vol. III. No. 157. 
"• CAN ye() 
CANDISA'TION, v.a. The candying and chryfialliz- 
ingof fugar, after it lias been dilfolved in water and purified. 
CAN'DLE,_/i [candela, Lat. from candor , of candeo, I 
burn; <whence the middle-age Greek v.a.ddr.'Ka.. ] Alight 
made of wax or tallow, Unrounding a wick of flax or cot¬ 
ton.—We fee that wax candles lad longer than tallow can¬ 
dles, becaufe wax is more firm and hard. Bacon. —Light, 
or luminary : 
By thefe blefs’d candles of the night, 
Had you been there, I think you would have begg’d 
The ring of me, to give the worthy doffor. SBukcJpeare. 
A tallow candle, to be made good, mtift be half (beep’s 
tallow and half buKock’s ; the fat of hogs makes them gut¬ 
ter, give an ill fmell, and a thick black (moke. Tallow 
candles are of two kinds; the one dipped, the other mould¬ 
ed : the firft, which are thoie in ordinary tile, are of an 
old (landing ; the latter are (aid to be the invention of the 
Sieur le Bre.z, at Paris. The manufacture ol the two 
kinds is Very different, excepting in w hat relates to melt¬ 
ing the tallow., and making the w ick, which is the fame 
in both. The tallows, being weighed and mixed in their 
due proportion, are cut into pieces, to facilitate their melt¬ 
ing, and thrown into a pot or boiler, having a cavity of 
(bme depth running round the top, to prevent its boiling 
over. Being thus perfectly melted and (kimmed, a cer¬ 
tain quantity of water is thrown in, proportioned to the 
quantity of tallow ; this (erves to precipitate the impuri¬ 
ties of the tallow, which had efcaped the fkimmer, to the 
bottom of the veffel. The tallow, however, intended for 
the firft three dips, muft have no water ; becaufe, the dry 
wick, imbibing the water readily, makes the candles fpit 
and crackle in burning. The melted tallow is now emp¬ 
tied through a fieve into a tub, having a tap for letting it 
oty, as occafion requires. The tallow thus prepared, may 
be tiled after having (food three hours ; and will continue 
fit for life twenty-four hours in fummer, and fifteen in 
winter. The wicks are made of fpun cotton, which the 
chandlers buy in fkeins ; and wind off three or four toge¬ 
ther, according to the intended thicknefs of the wick, in¬ 
to bottoms, or clues, whence they are cut out with ail 
inftrument contrived for that purpofe, into pieces of the 
length of the candle required ; then put on the (licks, or 
broches, or el(e placed in the moulds, as the candles are 
intended to be either dipped or moulded. 
F'or dipped candle's : the liquid tallow is drawn off from 
the tub above-mentioned, into a vefi'el called the mould,' 
fink, or abyfs, of an angular form, perfectly like a prilin, 
except that it is not equilateral; the fide on which it opens 
being only ten inches high ; and the others, which make 
its depth, fifteen. On the angle, formed by the two great 
(ides, it is lupported by two feet, and is placed on a kind 
of bbnch, in form of a trough, to catch the droppings, as. 
the candles are taken out at each dip. At a convenient 
diftance from this, is feated the workman, who takes two 
rods, or broches, at a time, (hung with the proper num¬ 
ber of wicks, viz, fixteen, if tire candles are to be of eight 
in the pound ; twelve, if of fix to the pound, &c. and 
holding them equidiftant, by means of the fecond and 
third finger of each hand, which lie puts between them, 
he immerges the wicks two or three timej for their firft 
lay, and, holding them Come time over the opening of the 
veffel to let them drain, hangs them on a rack, where they 
continue to drain and grow hard. When cooled, they are 
dipped a fecond time, then a third, as before: only for- 
the third lay they are but immerged twice, in all the reft 
thrice. The operation is repeated more lei's times, accord¬ 
ing to the intended thicknefs of the candles. With the 
lull dip they neck them, i. e. plunge them below that part 
of the wick where the other 'lays ended. During the ope¬ 
ration the tallow is (fined from time to time, and the (lock 
fupplied-witli frefh tallow. When the candles are finifti- 
ed, their peaked ends, or bottoms, are taken off ; not with, 
any cutting inftrument, but by palling them over a flat 
brazen plate, heated to a proper pitch by a fire under- 
