CAN 
pians began their year at the heliacal riling of canicula ; 
reckoning to its rife again the next year, which is called 
the annus canarius. 
CANI'CULAR, adj. [canicutaris, Lat.] Belonging to 
the dof- (lar ; as canicular or dog days, which lad while the 
do^-dar riles and lets with the lun.—In regard to different 
latitudes, unto fome the canicular days are in the winter, 
as unto Rich as are under the equinodlial line; for unto 
them the dog-liar arifeth, when the fun is about the tropic 
of Cancer, which feafon unto them is winter. Brown. 
CANI'CULAR DAYS, or Dog Days, denote a cer¬ 
tain number of days, before and after the heliacal riling 
of canicula, or the dog-liar, in the morning. The ancients 
imagined that this liar, fo rifing, occalioned the lultry 
weather ufually felt in the latter part of the fuminer, or 
do< r -days; with all the dillempers of that lickly feafon. 
Homer's II. lib. v. 10. and Virgil's y En . lib. x. 270. Some 
authors fay, from Hippocrates and Pliny, that the day 
this liar fit'll rifes in the morning, the fea boils, wine turns 
four, dogs begin to grow mad, the bile inereafes and irri¬ 
tates, and all animals grow languid ; alfo that the difeafes 
it ufually occalionsin men are burning fevers, dyfenteries, 
and pbrenfies. The Romans too facrificed a brown dog 
every year to canicula at hisfirli rifing, to appeafe its rage. 
All this however arofe from a groundlefs idea that the dog- 
liar, fo riling, was the occafion of the extreme heat and 
the difeafes of that feafon; for the liar not only varies in 
its filing, in aiiy one year, as the latitude varies, but it is 
always later and later every year in all latitudes; fo that 
in time the ftar may, by the fame rule, come to be charged 
witli bringing froll and fnow, when he conies to rife in 
winter. The dog-days were commonly counted for about 
forty days, viz.- twenty days before and twenty days after 
the heliacal riling; and almanac-makers have ufually fet 
down the dog-days in their almanacs to tire changing time 
of the liar’s rifing, by which means they had at length 
fallen conliderably after the hotted time of the year, till 
of late we have obferved an alteration of them in the al¬ 
manacs, and very properly, from July 3 to Augud ir. 
For, by the dog-days, the ancients meant to exprefs the 
hotted time of the year, which is commonly during the 
month of July, about which month the dog-dar rofe he- 
liaeally in the time of the mod ancient allronomers that 
•tve know of : but the precelfton of the equinoxes has.car¬ 
ried this heliacal rifing into a much later and cooler part 
of the vear ; and becaufe Heliod tells 11s that the hot time 
of the year ends on the fiftieth day after the fummer fol- 
dice, which brings us to about Augud 10 or ii, therefore 
the above alteration feems to be very proper. 
CANI'CULAR YEAR, denotes the Egyptian natural 
year, which was computed from one heliacal rifing of Ca¬ 
nicula to the next. This year was alio called annus cana¬ 
rius, and annus cynicus ; and by the Egyptians themfelves 
the Sethicyear, from Seth, by which name they called Sirius. 
Some call it alfo the heliacal year. It confided ordinarily 
of 365 days, and every fourth year of 366 ; by which means 
it was accommodated to the civil year, like the Julian ac¬ 
count. And the reafon why they chofe this ftar, in pre¬ 
ference to others, to compute their time by, was not only 
the fuperior brightnefs of that ftar, but becaufe that in 
Egypt its heliacal rifing was a time of very Angular 
note, as coinciding with the greated augmentation of the 
Nile, the reputed father of Egypt. Epheftion adds, that 
from the afpofl of canicula, its colour, &c. the Egyptians 
drew prognollics concerning the rife of the Nile; and, 
according to Florus, predicted the future date of the year. 
So that it is no wonder the firft rifing of this ftar was ob¬ 
ferved with great attention. 
CANl'CULUM, or Caniculus, in the Byzantine an¬ 
tiquities, a golden ink-veflel, decorated with precious 
ftones, wherein was kept the facred encaujlum , or red ink, 
wherewith the emperors figned their decrees, letters, &c. 
The word is derived from cam's, or caniculus ; alluding to 
the figure of a dog which it reprefented, or rather becaufe 
it was luppprted by the figures of dogs. 
CAN 7 ij- 
CANI'NA, a town of European Turkey, in Albania-, 
eight miles north of Valona. 
CANIN A'N A,_/i [from caninus, Lat. having the pro¬ 
perties of a dog.] A harmlefs ferpent of America; fo 
called becaufe it follows men, and fuffersitlelf to be hand¬ 
led like dogs. 
CA'NINE, adj. [caninus, Vat.] Having the properties 
of a dog.—Some kind of women are made up of canine 
particles: thele are fcolds, who imitate the animals out of 
which they were taken, always bufy and barking, and 
fnarl at every one that comes in their way. Addijon. — Ca¬ 
nine hunger is an appetite which cannot he fatisfied.— It 
may occalion an exorbitant appetite of ufual things, which 
they will take in fuch quantities, till they vomit them up 
like dogs; from whence it is called canine. Arbuthnot. 
CA'NINE, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of An¬ 
gola. Lat. 8.56. S. Ion. 17. 28. E. Greenwich. 
C A'NIN E TEETH, two lharp-edged teeth in each jaw; 
one on each fide, placed between the ineifores and molares. 
See Anatomy. 
CA'NlNG, a town of European Turkey, in Epire : four 
miles fouth-eaft of Valona. 
CANI'Nl (John Angelo, and Mark Antony), brothers 
and Romans, celebrated for their love of antiquities. John' 
excelled in deligns for engraving on dones, particularly 
heads; Mark engraved them. They were encouraged by 
Colbert to publilh a fuccellion of heads,of the heroes and 
great men of antiquity, deligned from medals, antique 
dones, and other ancient remains; but John died at Rome- 
loon after the work was begun : Mark, however, procured 
allidance, fini(lied and publilhed it in Italian in 1669. The 
plates of this edition were engraved by Canini, Picard, 
and Valet; and a curious explanation is given, which dif- 
covers the fki 11 of the Canini’s in hillory and mythology. 
The French edition of Amderdam, 1731, is fpuriotis. 
CA'NIS, [y.viov, from cano to ling, becaufe of the deep 
and fiiriil tone of its voice, Var. Heb.] The Dog ; 
in zoology, a genus of quadrupeds belonging to the order 
of Ferae.—The diftinguidring characters of the dog are 
thefe : He has fix fore-teeth in the upper-jaw, thole in the 
fides being longer than the intermediate ones, which aye 
lobated ; in tire under jaw there are iikewife fix fore-teeth, 
thofe on the fides being alfo lobated. He has-fix.grinders 
in the upper, and feven in the lower, jaw. The talks, 
called dog-teeth, are four, one on each fide both in the 
lower and upper jaw ; they are (harp-pointed, bent a little, 
inward, and (land at a didance from any of the red. This 
genus comprehends the dog, the wolf, the hyaena, the 
jackal, the fox, and the zerda ; each of which are ar¬ 
ranged under didindl heads. 
I. The DOG ; cam's familiaris. —Of all animals rhe dog 
feems mod fufceptible of change, and moll ealily modified 
by difference of climate, food, and education ; not only the 
figure of Iris body, but his faculties, habits, and difpofi- 
tions, vary in a fnrprifing manner: nothing appears con- 
ftant in them but their internal conformation, which is 
alike in all; in every other refpeft, they are very dif— 
fimilar: they vary in fize, in figure, in. the length of the 
nofe and fhapeof the head, in the length and direction of 
the ears and tail, in the colour, quality, and quantity, of 
the hair, See. Linnaeus was the fird who remarked that 
the tail of the dog bends towards the left; a charader 
common to the whole fpecies, in all its varieties. As the- 
economy of this animal has been delineated with all that 
fidelity, precifion, and elegant concifenefs, which render 
the writings of Linnseus invaluable, we (hall avail ourfelves 
of his defeription : “ The dog, the mod faithful ofanimals, 
the companion of mankind, fawns at the'approach of his 
mailer, and will not fuller any one to ftrike him ; runs 
before him in a journey, palling frequently backward and 
forward overtire fame ground. On coming to crofs-roads, 
lie dops and looks back as if to afk the way ; is ver\ do¬ 
cile ; will find out what has been drop*; is watchful by 
night ; announces the coming of ftrangers, and guards any 
goods committed to his charge ; he drives the cattle home 
