C A V 
CAVALAM ',/1 in botany. See Stercuua. 
CAVALCA'DE,/! [Fr. from cavallo, Ital. a horfe.] 
A proceflion on liorleback : 
Your cavalcade the fair fpe&ators view, 
From their liigh landings, yet look up to you : 
From your brave train each (ingles out a ray, 
And longs to date a conqueft from your day. D>yden. 
CAVALCAN'TE (Guido), a nobleman of Florence in 
the 13th century, who having followed the party ot the 
Gueltes, experienced the inftability of fortune. He (bow¬ 
ed great ftrength of mind in his misfortunes, and never 
neglected to improve his talents, lie wrote a treatife in 
Italian concerning ftyle, and fome verfes which are es¬ 
teemed. His poem on the love of the world, has been 
commented on by feveral learned men. 
CAVALER' MAGGIO'RE, a town of Italy, in the 
principality of Piedmont; three miles north of Savigliano, 
and nineteen fouth of Turin. 
CAVALE'Rl, a fmall ifland of European Turkey, in 
the Archipelago, between the fouth-weft end of the ifland 
of Negropont, and the continent of Greece. Lat. 38.7. 
N. Ion. 42.3. E'. Ferro. 
CAVALERI'E (La), a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of Aveiron, and chief place of a canton, in the dif- 
tridf of Milhaud : two leagues fouth-eaf! of Milhaud. 
CAVA'LIA, a town of Africa, on the Ivory Coaft. 
CAVALI'ER,y. [Fr.] A horleman ; a knight; agay 
fprightly military man : 
For who is he, whofe chin is but enrich’d 
With one appearing hair, that will not follow 
Thefe cull’d and choice drawn cavaliers to France. Shake/. 
The appellation of the party of the king Charles the Firft. 
—Each party grows proud of that appellation, which their 
adverlaries at firft intended as a reproach : of this fort were 
the Guelfes and Gibelines, Huguenots, and Cavaliers. Swift. 
CAVALl'ER, adj. Gay; fprightly; warlike; generous; 
brave.—The people are naturally not valiant, and not 
much cavalier. Now' it is the nature of cowards to hurt, 
where they can receive none. Suckling. — Difdainful; 
haughty. 
CAVALl'ER, J. in fortification, a mount of earth railed 
in a fortrefs higher than the other works, on which to place 
cannon, See. for Rout ing the field, or oppofing a command¬ 
ing work. Cavaliers are of ditferent fliapes ; and are bor¬ 
dered with a parapet, to cover the cannon mounted upon 
them ; their lituation is alio various, either in the curtain, 
baftion, or gorge. The cavalier is fometimes called a 
double baftion, and its ufe is to overlook the enemy’s bat¬ 
teries, and to fcour their trenches. 
CAVALIER'LY, adv. Haughtily; arrogantly; dif- 
dainfully. 
CAVALIE'RI (Bonaventure), an eminent mathemati¬ 
cian in the 17th century, a native of Milan, and friar of 
the order of the Jefuati of St. Jerome, was profelfor of 
mathematics at Bologna, where he publiflied feveral ma¬ 
thematical books, particularly the Method of Indivilibles. 
He was a fcholar of Galileo. His Direttorium Generale 
Uranometricum, contains great variety of mod ufeful 
praiftices in trigonometry and aftronomy. His trigonome¬ 
trical tables in that work are excellent. He died at Bo¬ 
logna, in 1647. 
CAVALLE'ROS, a town of North America, on the 
north-weft part of the bay of Panama : leventy-five miles 
fouth-weft of Panama. 
CAVAL'LES, aclufterof fmall iflands, in the Southern 
Pacific Ocean, near the coaft of New Zealand; three 
leagues north-weft from Point Pocock. 
CAVaL'LO, a fea-port town in the province of Vene¬ 
zuela, on Te< ra Firma, or the ifthmus of Darien. It is 
well fortified, and in a former war was unfuccefsfully at¬ 
tacked by commodore Knowles. Twenty-five miles north- 
eaft of St. Jago de Leon. Lat. 10. 15, N. Ion. 68.12. W. 
CAVAL'LOS de FAM, two fmall iiiands in the At- 
Vol. III. No. 172. 
C A V 92r 
lantic, near the coaft of Portugal, about half a league 
fouth-fouth-vveft of Efpofenda. Lat. 41.30. N. Ion. 9. to.' 
E. Ferro. 
CA'VALRY,/. [cavaleiie, Fr.] Horfe troops ; bodies 
of men furniflied with horfes tor war.—Their cavalry, in 
the battle ot Blenheim, could not fuftain the fliock of the 
Britifh horfe. AddiJov. 
The Roman cavalry confifted wholly of thofe called 
equitts, or knights, w ho were a diftmft order in the dif- 
tribution of citizens.- The Grecian cavalry were divided 
into cataphra 8 .ce and non catapkraBce, i.e. into heavy and 
light armed. Of all the Greeks, the Thelfalians excelled 
mod in cavalry. 1 he Lacedemonians, inhabiting a moun, 
tamous country, were but meanly furniflied with cavalry, 
till, carrying their arms into other countries, they found 
great occafion for horfes to lupport and cover their foot. 
The Athenian cavajry, for a confiderable time, confifted 
only of ninety-fix horfemen: after expelling the Pcrfians 
out of Greece, they increafed the number to 300; and 
afterwards to 1200, which was the higheft pitch of the 
Athenian cavalry. The Nttmidian cavalry were famous 
under Hannibal the Carthaginian, and gave him many 
advantages over the Romans. The Turkifti cavalry con- 
lifts partly of lpahis, and partly of horfemen raifed and 
maintained by the Zaims and Timariots ; but the Indian 
cavalry appear to be the molt grotefque and undifeiplined 
of any the prefent military age aff ords. The chief ufe of 
cavalry is to make frequent excurlions to annoy the ene, 
my, to intercept his convoys, and deftroy the country : in 
battle, to fupport and cover the foot, and to break thro’ 
and diforder the enemy ; alfo to fecure the retreat of the 
foot. Formerly, the manner of fighting of the cavalry 
was, after firing their piftols or carabines, to wheel off, to 
give opportunity for loading again. Guftavus Adolphus 
is faid to have firft taught the cavalry to charge through, 
to march ftraight up to the enemy, with the lword drawn 
in the bridle-hand, and each man having fired his piece, 
at the proper diftance, to betake himfelf to his fwprd, and 
charge the enemy as 1110ft advantageous. 
CAVAN', a county of Ireland, bounded on the north 
by the county of Fermanagh and Monaghan, on the eaft 
by Monaghan and Meath, on the fotttli by Meath and 
Longford, and on the weft by Leitrim, rather more than 
forty miles long, and about twenty broad, containing 
thirty parilhes, 16,314 houfes, and 81,570 inhabitants. 
The foil is chiefly a ftiff clay, which produces naturally 
a coarfe rulhy pafture; but, in fome places, it has been 
much amended by cultivation. The furface of the coun¬ 
try is fo remarkably uneven, that a level fpot is rarely to 
be met with ; a great part of it is open, bleak, and dreary; 
but from Cavan to Lough Erne is extremely well wooded 
and pidturefque. Though many of thefe hills are high 
and barren, yet none merit the appellation of mountains, 
except Bruceitill, in the fouthern extremity, the lofty 
Sliebh Ruflel, which lies partly in Fermanagh, and the 
mountains of Ballynageerah, which block up the north- 
weft angle of the county. At the foot of thefe hills are 
a great number of final 1 lakes, and fome of larger fize.. 
CAVAN', a town of Ireland, in the county of the lame 
name : this town was burnt in 1690, when the duke of 
"Berwick was defeated by the Ennifkillen men, under co¬ 
lonel Worfley : here is a barrack for a troop of horfe. It 
is the (hire town, and a borough, fending two members to 
the Irifh parliament: fifty-three miles nonh-weft of Dub¬ 
lin, and forty-one eaft-fouth-eaft of Sligo. 
CAVAZA'TES, a town of the ifland of Cuba; 120 
miles eaft of Havannah. 
CAUB, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the 
Rhine; fituated on the Rhine: twenty miles fouth of 
Coblentz, and twenty eight weft of Mentz. 
To CA'VATE, v. a. [ cavo , Lat.] To hollow out ; to 
dig into a hollow. 
CAVA'ZION,/ [from cavo, Lat.] In architecture, the 
hollowing or under-digging of the earih for cellarage ; 
allowed to be the fixth part of the height of the building. 
jx B CAU'CALIS, 
