CAVENDISH, 
earl of Ncwcafile upon Tyne, and baron Cavendifh of Bol- 
/over. He was alfo made governor to the prince of 
Wales, afterwards Charles II. When the firft troubles 
broke out in Scotland, and the king’s treafury was but in¬ 
differently provided, hecontributed ten thoufand pounds; 
and alfo railed a troop of horfe, confiding of two hundred 
knights and gentlemen, who ferved at their own charge, 
were commanded by the earl, and honoured with the ti¬ 
tle of the prince’s troop. He lud after this the'command 
of the northern counties; and was condituted general and 
commander in chief of all the forces north of Trent, and 
of feveral counties fouth of that river. He afterwards 
railed an army of eight thoufand horfe and foot, with which 
he took fome towns, and gained feveral important victo¬ 
ries. On the failure of the king’s affairs, he, with a few of 
the principal officers of the army,went abroad, and llaid for 
fome time at Paris; where, notwithdanding the vad edates 
he had when the civil war broke out, iiis circumdances 
were now fo bad, that himfelf and lady were reduced to 
the necedity of pawning their clothes. He afterwards re¬ 
moved to Antwerp, that he might be nearer his own coun¬ 
try ; and there, though under great difficulties, redded 
for feveral years ; but, notwithdanding his didredes, lie 
was treated, during an exile of eighteen years, with extra¬ 
ordinary marks of didinftion. On his return to England, 
at the redoration, lie was advanced to the dignity of earl 
of Ogle and duke of Newcadle. He fpent his time in a 
country retirement, and was the patron of men of merit. 
IJe wrote a treatife on horfemanlhip, which is edeemed ; 
and fome comedies. Mr. Granger obferves, that he was 
mader of many accompiidiments, and was much better 
qualified for a court than a camp; that he underdood 
horfemandnp, mufic, andpoety; but was a better horfe- 
man than mulfcian, and a better mufician than poet. He 
died on Chridmas day, 1676, in his eighty.fourth year. 
He was twice married, but had idue only by his fird wife 
Elizabeth, daughter and Cole heirefs of William Ballet, 
of Blore in Staffordfhire, widow of the honourable Henry 
Howard, younged (on toThomas earl of Suffolk, by whom 
he had three fons and as many daughters. His fecond 
wife was Margaret, daughter of Thomas Lucas, of Col- 
cheder, fider to lord Lucas and to the famous Sir Charles 
Lucas, whofe unfortunate end is well known. She was 
the condant companion of his exile abroad, and of bis re¬ 
tirement at home. She was a woman of great wit and 
learning; for, befides the life of the duke and Iter own, 
die wrote twenty-fix plays, in feveral,of which there are 
fcenes and longs written by the duke. She lies buried 
with him in Wedminder abbey. The duke’s titles de- 
fcended to his (on Henry, earl of Ogle, who dying without 
idue July 26, 1691, the title of Newcadle, in the line of 
Cavendifh became extinfl; he being the lad heir-male of 
thisfamily. See Heraldry. 
CA'VENDISH (William), the fird duke of Devonffi ire, 
born Jan. 25, 1640. He made the tour of Europe, under 
the care of Dr. Killigrew, afterwards mader of the Savoy. 
In 1661 he was chofen to reprefent the county of Derby, 
and continued a member of. the long parliament till its 
diffolution. Sept. 21, 1663, he was created M. A. by the 
fpecial command of the chancellor. In 1665 he went a 
volunteer on board the fleet under the duke of Yoik. 
In 1669 he accompanied Mr. Montague in his emhafiy to 
France ; and, being accidentally at the opera in Paris, 
three officers of the French king’s guard, intoxicated with 
liquor, came upon the llage, and one of them coming up to 
him with a very infulting queflion, he gave him a fevere 
blow upon the face; upon which they all drew, and 
pulbed hard upon him. He fet his back againd one'bf 
the fcenes, and made a brave defence, receiving feveral 
wounds; till a ftrirdy Swifs, belonging to the ambaflador 
Montague, caught him up in his arms, and threw him over 
the dage into the pit. In his fall, one of his arms caught 
upon an iron fpike, and tore out the flefh. The three al- 
failants were, by the king’s command, lent to prifon, and 
not releafed but by his intercefiiou. In 1677 he diilin- 
V.»L. li L No. xiz. 
guiflied himfelf in the houfe of commons; and the year 
following he affiduoully promoted an inquiry in 0 five mur¬ 
der of Sir Edmundbtirv Godfrey, and ether particulars of 
the popilh plot 5 and was one of the commhtee appointed- 
to draw up articles of impeachment againd the treafurer 
Danby. In the parliament which met in die fprmg of 
1679, he again reprefented Derby. This year he wa d,o r 
fen one of the king’s new privy conned ; but, loon finding, 
that bis attendance at the board would be wholly inedVc- 
tual, he, in conjunflion with lord Rutfel and others, de- 
fired to withdraw. The county of Dei by again eleCled’ 
him their reprefentative in that pari ament which met OC’t. 
21, 16S0. The articles of impeachment againd the chief' 
judice Scroggs, for his arbitrary and illegal proceed ngs in 
the court of king’s bench, were carried up by him to the 
hoitle of lords. When the king declared his refohition 
not to confent to a bill of exclulion, lord Cavendilh made 
a motion, tfiat a bill might be brought in for the alfocia- 
tion of all his majedy’s protedant (objects. He (hewed" 
the fame zeal and deadinefs in the next parliament, in 
which alfo he reprefented Dei by (hire. On the trial of 
lord Rulfel, he dared to appear to vindicate him ; and he 
afterwards feat him a mellage by Sir James Forbes, that 
he would come and change clothes with him in the prifon, 
and day there to reprefent hint, if he thought he could’ 
make his efcape. Lord Rulfel was loo generous to accept 
of this propofal. He profecuted the immediate murderers- 
of his friend Mr. Thynne, to condign punifhment, and : 
brought the great abettor of it, count Koningfmark, to a 
trial, who happened to be acquitted. Lord Cavendifh 
felt great indignation at the dife barge of the count, which 
lie thought owing to corruption; and, knowing that an ■ 
appeal to dngle combat was anciently the lad refort in law 
for convidling a murderer, he obtained the favour of a no¬ 
ble peer to go in his name to count Koningfmark to charge' 
the guilt of blood upon him, and to offer to prove it in the 
open field; but that was a method of trial the count 
thought fit todecline. Nov. i6k4, he became, by theue- 
ceafe of his father, earl of Devonfhire. In the reign of 
James he was the fame man in greater Honour and in great¬ 
er zeal and concern for his country. He had been very 
much affronted by colonel Culpepper, but redrained his 
refentment at the time, and pardoned him upon condition 
lie diould nevermore appear at Whitehall. But, immedi¬ 
ately after the defeat of the duke of Monmouth, the co¬ 
lonel came to court, and was riling into fome degree of 
favour. The earl of Devondiire meeting him in the king’s 
prefence-chamber, and receiving from him, as he thought* 
an infulting look, he took him by the nole, led him out of 
the room, and gave him fome difdainlul blows with his 
cane. For this add of violence he was profecuted in the 
king’s bench upon an information, and had a fine of 
30,0001. impofed upon him; and, though a peer, was 
committed to the king’s bench prifon till he fiiould make 
payment of it. He was never able to bear'any confinement 
lie could break from ; and therefore efcaped, only to go 
home to his feat at Chatfworth. Upon the news of his 
being there, the dieriffo-f Derbydiire had a precept to ap¬ 
prehend him, and bring him to town. But he invited the • 
(heriffin, and kept him a prifoner of honour till he had 
compounded for his own liberty, by giving a bond to pay 
the full film of 30,000b but (he bond was- afterwards 
found among tire papers of king James, and given up by 
king- William. 
He was one among the earliell in inviting over the prince ■ 
of Orange ; and James II. upon the firll alarm from Hol¬ 
land, being jealous of him above any other peer, endea- 
voured to draw him to court, which the earl evaded. 
Upon the prince’s landing, lie appeared in arms for him,. 
and Was afterwards received by him with the highelt marks 
of affedtidn and efieem. In the debates of the houfe of 
lords concerning the throne, he was very zealous for de¬ 
claring the prince and princefs of Orange king and queen 
of England. Feb. 14, 16S9, he was admitted one of the 
privy-council, and not long after, named lord llevvard of 
ji-C theiyr 
