Oct. 25,1915 
Temperature and Capillary Moisture in Soils 
143 
40° C. For producing these temperature amplitudes wooden boxes 
were used which contained melting ice and warm water in separate 
boxes or compartments the temperatures of which were maintained 
constant by the addition of ice and hot water, respectively. 
The movement of moisture from warm to cold soil was studied in two 
different ways: (1) When the column of soil lay horizontally and (2) 
when it stood vertically. For the first case, the wooden boxes used 
were 22 inches long, 10 inches wide, and 20 inches deep, having wooden 
partitions in the center which contained perforations of the size to fit 
the tubes (fig. 1). One compartment contained melting ice and the 
other water at the required temperature. To prevent any exchange of 
water between the two compartments, the edges of the partition and the 
Fig. 2.—Apparatus for determining thermal translocation of soil moisture when the column of soil stood 
vertically. 
holes through which the tubes passed were made water-tight by means 
of paraffin. 
For the second study, the employment of two boxes was necessary 
(fig. 2). One box, which contained melting ice, was 24 inches long, 10 
inches wide, and 13 inches deep. The other box, which contained water 
at the desired temperature, was 13 inches long, 7 inches wide, and 11 
inches deep, and was placed inside the first box. The bottom of the 
small box was supplied with holes the exact size of the tubes, which 
were then placed in the holes and the crevices surrounding them sealed 
with melted paraffin to make the small box waterproof. The inner box 
was then put upon supports in the large box and was filled with water 
kept at the desired temperature. The outer box was filled with ice up 
to and touching the bottom of the inner box. All the boxes were well 
insulated, and since they were big and contained large volumes of water, 
the temperature could be kept to within small variations for long 
