Dec. 20, 1915 
Biology of Apanteles militaris 
501 
placed on the segments; also about the mouth there are a few hyaline 
spines. The brown-colored compound eyes are very noticeable and 
appear to be, as in the second stage, in the prothorax. The segmentation 
of the body is apparent and the eight pairs of spiracles are plainly visible 
(PI. L, fig. 7). The mouth parts are at the extremity of the head and 
are composed of labrum, mandibles, maxillae (bearing the rudimentary 
maxillary palpi), and the labium (bearing the rudimentary labial palpi). 
Laterally the seven hyaline protruding areas form an irregular, conspicu¬ 
ous, longitudinal ridge on either side of the body. 
When the larva has emerged for about two-thirds of its length, it stops 
and commences to spin its cocoon. The silk comes from the two orifices 
of the spinneret situated at the base of the labium. The cocoon is spun 
in two parts, the outer part loosely and the inner compactly. The first 
few threads spun are fastened to the ventral side of the body, after which 
a series of large loops are made, the silken thread being drawn out and 
fastened to the top of the loop below. These extend up the ventral side 
laterally and over the head of the larva as far back as it can bend. The 
larva now draws its anal end out of the host, reverses its position in the 
partly spun outer cocoon, and spins the remaining side and end. The 
inner or thin, dense cocoon is now spun by a series of long, narrow, longi¬ 
tudinal and diagonal loops. The tough silken cocoon is encircled near 
one end, or sometimes at both, by a thinner, narrow area, through which 
the adult parasite easily cuts, removing a caplike portion, the end of the 
cocoon, as it emerges. 
At the end of the first day or the beginning of the second the connection 
between the stomach and proctodeum is opened and the accumulated 
waste is voided, being deposited at the anal end of the cocoon. When 
pupation takes place, the last larval skin is molted and pushed to the 
anal end of the cocoon and lies over the waste. Previous to pupation, 
the constriction between the thorax and abdomen, which results in the 
cephalization of the first abdominal segment, is distinctly seen. 
PUPA AND ADUDT 
The pupal stage averages from to 9^ days. 
The pupa is light cream yellow and lends the same color to the cocoon. 
The eyes and ocelli appear as brown spots. Later, the chitin in the head 
and thoracic region commences to darken, closely followed by that of 
the abdomen. When the adult becomes active in the cocoon, the pupal 
skin is kicked off, and the area of thin silk is cut through by the mandibles, 
the end, or cap, of the cocoon being pushed off by the emerging adults. 
As soon as the adult is out of the cocoon, it passes a quantity of waste, 
cleans itself, and straightens and dries its wings. 
