Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. V, No. ia 
524 
tinct; the clypeus truncate; the first and second antennal segments subequal, the 
third segment subequal to one and two together and longer than four; the saw-guides 
with the dorsal and ventral margins converging and the apex bluntly pointed; the 
male differs in having the rufous part of the thorax inclined to whitish and extend¬ 
ing over the entire pleurae, the venter of the abdomen and a broad band on the lateral 
part of the dorsal aspect, broader behind, sometimes fused on the meson, whitish; 
the posterior femora not fuscous. Length 3 to 4 mm. *’ 1 
LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF SAWFLY LEAF MINER 
EMERGENCE OF ADULTS 
From puparia obtained on April 18, 1913, by sifting earth from beneath 
cherry trees, two male and seven female sawfly leaf miners made their 
appearance during a period extending from April 28 to May 2. On 
May 6 six males and six females were obtained in a cherry orchard, and 
only one of the flies was obtained in cages intended to trap the insects 
as they emerged from the ground. On May 7 five males and seven 
females were caught in breeding cages, and at this date the insects were 
present in large numbers on the trees. The insects continued to appear 
in the cages, a few each day, until May 19, which for 1913 was the latest 
date for the emergence of the flies for that year. Observations for 
several seasons show that the flies make their appearance when the 
first leaf clusters are unfolding and the cluster buds are beginning to 
open. 
EARLY HABITS 
At the time of their emergence from the ground the sawfly leaf miners 
are fully colored and are very active creatures. They are apparently 
very susceptible to temperature conditions. If disturbed on cold days, 
they drop suddenly from the foliage, attempting to fly while in midair. 
Failing in this effort, they drop to the ground and crawl to some elevated 
object, on which they renew their attempts to seek flight. 
They copulate within less than a day after their appearance from the 
soil. In this act the male approaches the female backward, so that the 
tips of their abdomens come in contact while their heads are opposed to 
each other. Then the male reaches back with the hind legs and grasps 
the female over the back of her body, placing at the same time the tip 
of his abdomen under that of the female and inserting the penis under the 
flap at the base of the ovipositor. The outer flaps of the male genitalia are 
pressed closely against the under side of the female’s body. The whole 
process is a matter of one to three minutes. One pair contained in an 
observation jar copulated three times within a space of half an hour. 
OVIPOSITION 
The females are apparently ready to oviposit soon after they make 
their escape from the ground. One specimen was dissected about 17 
hours after its appearance, and in the ovaries and oviducts there were 
1 MacGillivray, A. D. New genera and species of sawflies. In Canad. Ent., v. 46, no. 10, p. 364-365. 
1914. 
