jan. io, 1916 Effect of Cold Storage on Mediterranean Fruit Fly 665 
tions were made on the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth days; 
on the sixteenth day of refrigeration 14 out of 162 second-instar larvae 
were alive. Third-instar larvae were found alive after refrigeration for 
20 days. No examinations were made between the twenty-first and 
twenty-fourth days, but no living third-instar larvae were found during 
examinations of larvae after the twenty-fifth and twenty-eighth days of 
refrigeration. 
The warmest temperatures to which fruit flies were subjected ranged 
from 40° to 45 0 . Only larvae of the second and third instars were used. 
One second-instar larva was alive on the twenty-ninth day, but no living 
second-instar larvae were found thereafter, although a total of 1,658 
larvae were examined after refrigeration from 31 to 46 days. One third- 
instar larva was alive on the forty-fifth day. All of 476 third-instar 
larvae examined on the forty-sixth day of refrigeration were dead. More 
data at this temperature are desirable to fix the limit safely in so far as 
the mature larvae are concerned. Fruit is not, however, held at such 
high temperature as 40° to 45 0 for periods sufficiently long to kill the 
fruit-fly larvae; hence, the effect of these temperatures is of far less 
importance than that of temperatures ranging from 32 0 to 40°. 
CONCLUSION 
The data contained in this paper show that no eggs or larvae of the 
Mediterranean fruit fly survived refrigeration at 40° to 45 0 F. for seven 
weeks, at 33 0 to 40° for three weeks, or at 32 0 to 33 0 for two weeks. 
They may lead to the modification of existing quarantines and encourage 
the refrigeration of fruit subject to fruit-fly attack. It seems reasonable 
to conclude that sooner or later the certification of properly refrigerated 
fruit will be practicable. When an association of fruit growers or a people 
find it financially worth while there is no reason why they can not operate 
a central refrigeration plant under the supervision of an official whose 
reputation shall be sufficient to guarantee all fruits sent out from the plant 
to be absolutely free from danger as carriers of the Mediterranean fruit fly. 
LITERATURE CITED 
(1) Howard, L. O. 
1896. Some temperature effects on household insects. In U. S. Dept. Agr. 
Div. Ent. Bui. 6, n. s., p. 13-17. 
(2) Duvel, J. W. T. 
1905. Cold storage for cowpeas. In U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bui. 54, 
p. 49 “ 54 > pi- 2-3, fig. 17. 
(3) Fuller, Claude. 
1906. Cold storage as a factor in the spread of insect pests. In Natal Agr. 
Jour, and Min. Rec., v. 9, p. 656. 
(4) Lounsbury, C. P. 
1907. The fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata). In Agr. Jour. Cape Good Hope, v. 31, 
p. 186-187. 
