1178 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. V, No. 35 
those of the same size being produced at the same distance from the 
nozzle, but when the second process replaces friction as a cause of spray 
production, irregularity results, owing to the irregular shapes of the 
water sheets. 
In a cyclone nozzle the stream at once diverges widely in the form of 
a hollow cone. Friction plays no part in the production of the spray, 
but the cone increases so rapidly in diameter that the liquid soon becomes 
a very thin sheet of unvarying thinness all the way around, and breaks 
into a uniformly fine mist. The uniformity may be assumed from the 
fact that on all sides the sheet extends an equal distance from the orifice 
before breaking into a spray, and experimentally can be shown to exhibit 
to an equally high degree both fineness and uniformity. 
Figure 1 expresses in a diagrammatic form the facts shown by the 
photographs. The circles show the actual positions of the orifices in 
/T\ 
VL7 
C 
Fig. 1 .—Diagram showing the characteristic differences between the three forms of impinging-stream 
nozzles. 
each case and the black transverse marks give the effect of the impinging 
streams; the water remains thickest in the middle in C, thickest at the 
edges in A , while in B it is spread out evenly. 
Above, the black portion indicates the water sheet, the sizes of the 
spots along the margin indicate the sizes of drops produced at these 
points, and the approximate velocity of the drops is shown by the length 
of the lines radiating from these spots. 
SPRAYS PRODUCED BY IMPINGING STREAMS 
The actual movement of the water in forming a spray through the 
impact of two streams is shown in Plate LXXXV and Plate LXXXVI, 
figure 1. It was not found practicable to secure the successive pictures 
with sufficient rapidity to show more than two steps in the forming spray, 
but by interpolating, a fairly satisfactory series was obtained. The 
