PLATE 7 
A. —Douglas-fir reproduction in the brush thickets of the Cispus bum, Rainier 
National Forest. In their struggle to keep abreast of the surrounding brush, the conif¬ 
erous seedlings make tremendous height growth and very little diameter growth. 
The result is the slender “ shade-form ’' reproduction here shown. These trees are 
holding their own and will soon overreach the crowding brush; in the end they will 
dominate and completely subdue it. The deciduous growth shown includes Oregon 
maple, vine maple, dogwood, alder, brake fern, and fireweed. Photographed in 1914. 
B. —A 1902 fire followed by a 1910 fire, photographed in 1915, Oregon National 
Forest, near Summit R. S. Note the sharp boundary line of the second fire. The 
dense reproduction succeeded the fire of 1902 and proved an effective barrier to the 
fire of 1910. This stoppage of fire by dense reproduction is a matter of frequent 
occurrence. 
The picture shows also a striking comparison of duff-stored versus wind-blown 
seed as a source of reproduction. The dense, even-aged reproduction at the left 
resulted from duff-stored seed following a first bum in virgin forest. The scattered 
few, uneven-aged, young seedlings to the right resulted from seed blown out since 
1910 from a group of seed trees from beneath which this picture was taken. The 
scrubby reproduction to the left was seeded from the same source, since 1902, in an 
opening left barren of “stored-seed reproduction ’ ’ on account of ground fire. It can 
be readily appreciated how slow will be the reforestation of the rebumed area, which 
is now altogether dependent upon the few seed trees which have survived both fires. 
When the 13-year-old stand reaches seeding age it will, of course, contribute its seed 
to the same purpose, within the limited range of its influence. Such a process could 
not conceivably have produced the beautiful uniformity in density and age which 
is exhibited by the 13-year-old stand here pictured. 
C. —Reproduction 20 years old, at Esperance, Wash. The stand shown followed a 
light slash fire. In the immediate foreground a second fire occurred. The area cov¬ 
ered by the second fire has no reproduction. Puget Sound cut-over studies. Photo¬ 
graphed in 1915. 
