296 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. XI, No. 7 
of scald; but this soon passed over into the solid brown coloration typical 
of scald at lower temperatures, and therefore seemed to require no sepa¬ 
rate classification. Prom 11 to 16 apples were 
used at each temperature in most of the experi¬ 
ments, but in the case of the results shown in fig¬ 
ures 9 and 14, only 5 apples were used. Except 
where otherwise stated, the apples were in moist 
chambers. 
The Jonathan showed less susceptibility to 
scald than the Grimes and York Imperial apples, 
but so far as temperature response is concerned, 
the results are so similar with the different va¬ 
rieties and in the different experiments that sepa¬ 
rate discussion is unnecessary. 
In all of the experiments apples were placed at 
30° C., as well as at the temperatures indicated 
in the various figures. In most cases it was found 
necessary to discard the apples at this tempera¬ 
ture on account of internal breakdown before 
there had been time for the development of scald. 
The only exception to this is shown in figure 12 
and was obtained with apples that were quite immature. The results in¬ 
dicate that a temperature of 30° is unfavorable to the development of scald. 
Scald always started sooner at 20° than at 
15 0 , but in most cases the contrasts in the 
amount of disease at the two temperatures soon 
disappeared, and with Grimes apples of figure 
15 the fruit finally showed a greater degree of 
injury at 15 0 than at 20°. The contrasts be¬ 
tween the results at io° and 15 0 were very strik¬ 
ing with York Imperial and Grimes, especially 
during the second month of storage. Dur¬ 
ing the third month scald developed rapidly 
at io°, soon producing decided contrasts between 
the results at this temperature and those at 
5 0 . During the fourth month scald began to 
appear at 5 0 , and in the following month traces 
Fig. ii.—G raphs showing the 
effect of temperature on 
apple-scald at the end of 3, 
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, io t 14, and 19 
weeks. The dotted graphs 
show the amount of disease 
7EMP£Mn/f?£: C£Am&&D£ 
Fig. 10.—Graphs showing the 
effect of temperature o n 
apple-scald at the end of 6, 
7, 9, 10, 13, and 15 weeks. 
The dotted graphs show 
the amount of disease 3 
days after removal from 
storage at the end of the 
given week. The apples 
were York Imperial from 
Quincy, Pa. They were 
picked about October 8 and 
the experiment was started 
on October 11, 1916. 
of the disease were evident at o° on the more 3 days after remova i from 
, storage at the end of the 
susceptible apples. given weekt The apples 
With the Jonathan apples the disease developed were Grimes from Middie- 
, , „ .... town, Va. They were 
more slowly, usually making its appearance on picked on September 2 and 
this variety about a month later than on the the experiment was started 
cs . j 1 r *i on September 9, 1916. 
Grimes and York Imperial. 
The amount of scald developed at the lower temperatures did not 
become fully evident until the fruit had been removed from storage. 
