Dec. io, 1917 
Movement of Soluble Salts through Soils 
545 
tamers. The magnesium and calcium were at the maximum in the 
second layer in case of the silt loam. The bases iron and aluminium 
were not measureably affected by the treatment. 
The addition of the sodium carbonate, as may be seen from Table 
XIV, resulted differently, inasmuch as the amount of iron and aluminium 
in the extract from the treated and adjacent layers of sandy soil were 
strikingly increased, while the parts per million of calcium were appre¬ 
ciably less, and the magnesium decreased slightly in the two lower 
layers. In case of the silt loam the amount of calcium in the extrac¬ 
tion from the treated and the adjacent layer of the soil was decreased, 
while the changes in the amount of magnesium were negligible. 
Table; XIV .—Changes in the composition of the soil solution induced by the addition of 
I per cent of sodium carbonate to a medium sand and a silt loam. Duration of experiment , 
15 days 
Distance from salt 
layer. 
Medium sand, containing 9 per cent of 
water. 
Silt loam, containing 20 per cent of 
water. 
Freez¬ 
ing- 
point 
low¬ 
erings 
of soil. 
Iron and 
aluminium. 
Calcium, 
Magne¬ 
sium. 
Freez¬ 
ing- 
point 
low¬ 
erings 
of soil. 
Iron and 
aluminium. 
Calcium. 
Magne¬ 
sium. 
Inches. 
4 . 
3 . 
0.004 
. 005 
•053 
• 2 57 
. 287 
P. p. m. 
0. OO 
. 00 
+ 7 * 2 
+84.6 
+60. 3 
P. p. m. 
+26. 70 
+ 6. 50 
— 8. 60 
—10. 00 
— 8. 00 
P.p. m. 
+ 2 - 75 
+ 1. 14 
4 - .61 
- • 15 
— . 22 
O. OOO 
. 000 
. OOO 
. 012 
. 092 
P. p. m. 
No ap- 
pre- 
ciable 
changes 
P. p. m. 
’+ 3-9 
+ -8 
. OO 
- 14-5 
1 -I 4 - 3 1 
p.p. 
+ 1-74 
. OO 
. OO 
. OO 
- .97 
Where the containers were sealed, the presence of the sodium chlorid 
in medium-sand soil resulted in similar but somewhat less striking con¬ 
ditions than in the previous series. According to the data presented in 
Table XV, the amount of calcium and magnesium increased upward 
from the treated to the top layer, or these bases obviously were liberated 
to the soil solution and then passed onward to regions of lower concen¬ 
tration. 
Table XV. —Changes in the composition of the soil solution induced by the addition of 
1 per cent of sodium chlorid and 1 per cent of sodium carbonate to medium sand. 
Duration of experiment, 25 days 
Distance from 
salt layer. 
Sodium chlorid added. 
Sodium carbonate added. 
Freezing- 
point 
lowerings 
of soil. 
Iron and 
alumi¬ 
nium. 
Calcium. 
Magne¬ 
sium. 
Freezing- 
point 
lowerings 
of soil. 
Iron and. 
alumi¬ 
nium. 
Calcium. 
Magne¬ 
sium. 
Inches. 
P. p. m. 
P. p. m . 
P. p. m. 
I 5 , p. m. 
P. p ,m. 
P. p. m. 
3 . 
O. 002 
+3.60 
+ 3- 60 
+0.48 
0. OOO 
Trace. 
+16. 17 
+0. 92 
2. 
.015 
+ 3-40 
+27. 08 
+4.21 
. 020 
Trace. 
+ 6.46 
+ -39 
X. 
.08$ 
+ 1. 20 
+ 12. 01 
• + 1 - 79 
.025 
Trace. 
- 4.65 
- -44 
0. 
.225 
+4. 60 
4- 2-89 
+ .26 
•095 
+63. 00 
- 3 - 4<3 
+ . 70 
