190 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vd. XIV, No. 4 
straw was used as bedding to save the same amount of excreta. Table 
III shows the material removed. 
Table III. —Amount of manure saved by use of the various litters 
Animals and material. 
Horses: 
Oat straw... 
Wheat straw 
Shavings.... 
Beef cows: 
Oat straw... 
Wheat straw 
Shavings.... 
Dairy cows: 
Oat straw... 
Shavings.... 
Total manure 
removed. 
Pounds, 
3, 551 
3>4°9 
3> 9 * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 
io, 227 
10, 820 
12,190 
*7,831 
l8, 214 
Bedding used. 
Pounds. 
716 
844 
1,19a 
1,766 
1, 928 
3>2 07 
2,064 
2, 892 
Excreta re¬ 
moved. 
Pounds. 
2.83s 
2.565 
2,733 
8,461 
8,892 
8,983 
15,767 
15,322 
Excreta re¬ 
moved per 
animal per day. 
Pounds. 
57. a 
52*3 
55-7 
35*2 
37 -o 
37*4 
55-3 
53-7 
While there is a variation of several per cent in the amount of excreta 
saved with each class of animals with the different kinds of bedding, still 
the variations are not large and are not consistently in favor of any one 
kind of material. It is evident that there is no very important difference 
in the amount of excreta saved as a result of the use of one or another of 
these materials. 
SUMMARY 
(1) The common belief that the shavings commonly used for bedding 
live stock have much greater water-holding capacity than straw is er¬ 
roneous. Oat straw retained approximately twice as much water as 
shavings and 15 to 20 per cent more than wheat straw. 
(2) To keep animals bedded, 40 to 82 per cent more shavings than oat 
straw and 9 to 18 per cent more wheat straw than oat straw were 
required. 
(3) The amount of animal excreta removed from the bam in the 
manure was about the same regardless of the kind of bedding material 
used. 
LITERATURE CITED 
(1) [1917] barnyard manure. [Canada] Exp. Farms Spec. Circ. n, 4 p. 
(2) Beal, W. H. 
1904. barnyard manure. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bui. 192, 32 p., 4 fig. 
(3) Burdick, R. T. 
1917. CONCERNING FARM MANURES. In Vt. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 206, p. 53-72. 
(4) Deherain, P. P. 
1902. traits de chimie agricole. ed. 2, 969 p., 88 fig. Paris. * 
(5) Hubert, A. 
1893. farm manure. In Exp. Sta. Rec., v. 5, no. 2, p. *41-158. 
(6) Thorne, C. E. 
1907. THE maintenance of fertility. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 183, 
p. 195-228, illus. 
(7) Winter, O. B. 
1915. losses and preservation of barnyard manure. Mich. Agr. Exjp. 
Sta. Circ. 26, 8 p. 
