1911. 
THE RURAL* NEW-VORKEB 
85 
THE “CLARK” PLAN OF GRASS CUL¬ 
TURE. 
T. F. L., Scranton, Pa .—I have a farm 
of about 200 acres. I am no farmer, and 
will not begin farming now along the line 
of general cropping. Iam advised by those 
who think they know that this farm is one 
of the best farms in the country for Tim¬ 
othy hay, and I would like very much to 
see it tried. The land has not been 
plowed for about 20 years; on many acres 
it is overgrown with weeds. The land 
lies well for mowing; a mower can easily 
be run over every acre. I would like ad¬ 
vice as to best method of fertilizing to 
restore the land speedily, kind of fertilizer, 
quantity per acre, etc. I learn from one 
of your subscribers that you at times have 
articles in your paper from a. Axr. Clark 
who makes a specialty of Timothy hay. 
Ans. —This is a fair sample of many 
letters. There are men who have a farm 
or a piece of land. They cannot give it 
personal attention and grow a rotation 
of crops, but they want to make the land 
earn something if possible. Hay farm¬ 
ing offers such men an opportunity. 
Geo. M. Clark, the “Connecticut grass 
man,” is dead. He produced large crops 
of hay and kept it up year after year, 
but his methods were expensive, and 
required great skill and care. His plan 
was to give the land most thorough 
preparation, grade it to a level, use a 
large amount of fertilizer and seed 
heavily to grass seed alone in late Sum¬ 
mer or early Fall. 
Starting with such soil as is described 
above Mr. Clark would select as much 
as he could handle well with team and 
tools and follow one of two methods. 
One would be to plow early and sow 
oats with a good dressing of fertilizer. 
These oats would be cut early and the 
stubble worked up with plow or disk, 
and kept worked again and again until 
late in August. The oat crop will help 
break up the old sod and give an in¬ 
come. Mr. Clark did not plow the sod 
or oat stubble with a turning plow, but 
used a Cutaway or disk. This chopped 
up the sod and tossed rather than turned 
it over. The object of this Is to kill out 
the weeds and old grass instead of turn¬ 
ing them under to grow again. When¬ 
ever any green growth showed in the 
field it was worked with Cutaway or 
harrow, so that by late August the field 
is in fine shape. The seed is put in 
before the middle of September, 15 
quarts each of Timothy and Red-top 
seed, with four quarts of clover seed 
added. For fertilizer a mixture of equal 
parts nitrate of soda, fine bone, muriate 
of potash and acid phosphate will “make 
grass grow.” Mr. Clark used an aver¬ 
age of 800 pounds of such a mixture per 
acre. The first was used when seeding 
down and the remainder annually, half 
in late Summer and the remainder in 
early Spring. In this way the fields were 
kept in grass for six or seven years, 
yielding four tons and more per acre. 
The other plan mentioned would be to 
leave out the oats and begin at once on 
the old sod, tearing it up and killing out 
the old growth to seed in September as 
described above. 
This method costs considerable in 
preparation and fertilizer, but it will 
make strong and permanent meadows. 
After they are well started the labor of 
cutting and handling the hay crops will 
probably be less than with any other 
crop of equal value. There is no pres¬ 
ent indication that hay will be much 
lower in price. The market for good 
hay seems secure. We would advise a 
liberal use of lime before seeding down. 
The best time to use the lime would be 
just after the sod or the stubble is 
broken up for the first time. The sub¬ 
sequent working will mix the lime thor¬ 
oughly in the soil. The first crop of 
grass after such seeding is generally dis¬ 
appointing^ It is very thick, but too 
short. With later growth it thins out 
somewhat and grows longer. 
AGREEMENT WITH FARM SUPERINTEN¬ 
DENT. 
Those who undertake proxy farming or 
attempt to run a farm through a manager 
or superintendent often have trouble in 
drawing up a satisfactory agreement. This 
ts the hardest kind of farming to carry on. 
ihe owner, usually a city man with a 
business which fully occupies his mind, 
does not often realize how the manager is 
situated. The manager thinks his rights 
are interfered with by the wife or the 
owner. There are a dozen ordinary ways 
through which complaint and dissatisfac- 
following agreement was 
studied out by such a “jiroxy farmer” in 
1 ennsylvania and is submitted here for 
comment and discussion: 
“You are hereby engaged to start. 
:., as working superintendent upon my 
farm here, at-dollars per day, pay¬ 
able on or before the fifth of each month 
tor the preceding month. It is understood 
that you will devote your full time to my 
interests; be responsible for the good care 
and safety of the live stock, crops, build¬ 
ings, and equipment; keep a day book of 
sales, purchases, breeding of stock, plant- 
tngs and harvests; and do whatever else is 
required and necessary in a faithful, hon¬ 
est and intelligent manner to the best of 
yom- ability and as I may direct. 
\ ou will be supplied with.quarts 
of milk per week, and firewood for six ) 
months, between April 1 and October 1, and 
kindling wood for the balance. 
“There will be reserved for your use a 
space of ground.feet by.feet for 
a truck patch, and where you may keep 
not more than.chickens of any dark 
feathered breed, the produce from which is 
not to be sold or given away without my 
consent, it being intended for your table 
exclusively. 
“You will be allowed to occupy, only as 
a place of residence for yourself and wife, 
all of the frame house on the farm, except 
the rear room in the second story, which 
I reserve for myself or employees, with the 
right of ingress at all times. 
“When _ you cease to work for me you 
are, within '24 hours, to surrender posses¬ 
sion of the premises in as good order and 
repair as now is, reasonable wear and tear 
and damage by accidental fire excepted, and 
will remove, or cause to be removed, all 
ashes or refuse, and failing to so sur¬ 
render the premises, uy attorney as at¬ 
torney for you will at my request sign an 
agreement for entering in court an amicable 
action and .judgment in ejection (without 
any stay of execution or appeal) against 
you for my repossession, without any 
liability on the part of such attorney for 
which this shall be a sufficient warrant: 
Thereupon a writ of habere facias pos¬ 
sessionem may issue forthwith, and you 
release to me all errors and defects in such 
action and agree that no writ of error or 
exception shall be made ; and a filing of a 
copy of this agreement makes it unneces¬ 
sary to file the original as a warrant of 
attorney, any law or rule of court to the 
contrary notwithstanding. 
“Within 30 days after the completion of 
each year of continuous, satisfactory and 
efficient service I will pay you, in addi¬ 
tion to your wages, a bonus of 10 per cent 
of the final profits from the farm for the 
preceding fiscal year. 
“If after you have been with me a year 
there arises, through no fault of yours,' the 
necessity for discharge before the comple¬ 
tion of the second or any subsequent years, 
you will be paid the 10 per cent bonus, of 
the final profits from the farm, for that 
portion of the year which you have served 
me; but no bonus will be paid should your 
employment cease for any cause before.... 
“The profits will be determined by the 
total income from crops. 
and hogs, less all costs and expenses of 
conducting farm ; interests ; taxes ; insur¬ 
ance ; an allowance of 15 per cent of the 
inventory value to cover depreciation of 
farm buildings, horses, machinery and 
equipment; and a further allowance equal 
to 10 per cent of the profits to cover ma¬ 
terial and wages to special mechanics to 
construct, repair and paint new and old 
buildings, pens, fences, machinery, drains, 
piping, etc., that I consider necessary to the 
equipment and general upkeep of the farm. 
Upon balance then remaining the bonus 
will be figured. 
“The labor to make improvements to my 
house and farm, attend to carriages, horses 
and harness for family use, go to station 
when required, and care for kitchen garden 
and other labor of a personal nature which 
could not be considered as necessary to the 
equipment or conduct of the business side 
of this enterprise, shall, when special me¬ 
chanics are unnecessary, be done by you 
and the men under you, when it will'in¬ 
terfere as little as possible with the gen¬ 
eral farm work, without credit to said 10 
per cent allowance, and to offset this noth¬ 
ing will be deducted from the profits for 
my services in buying, selling and other 
time devoted to the business. Expenses for 
alterations and additions to my house other 
than farm labor, will be assumed by me 
independently. 
“I reserve the right to cancel your ap¬ 
pointment at any time; and when you leave 
you are to surrender the property en¬ 
trusted to your care in as good condition 
as now is, reasonable wear and tear and 
damage by accidental fire, excepted. If vou 
fail satisfactorily to account for my prop¬ 
erty, or I believe you purposely destroyed 
it or caused it to be destroyed, a reason¬ 
able valuation for the property unsatis¬ 
factorily accounted for or- destroyed would 
be deducted from any wages or other money 
due you. 
“If your services are unsatisfactory the 
payment of wages only, as in the first para¬ 
graph, without bonus, shall be accepted 
in full payment of all my obligations un¬ 
der this letter. If I am convinced vou 
have done your best to serve me, you can 
depend upon ample notice to find other 
work. 
“I will do all in my power to make your 
position agreeable and lasting.” 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and 
"a square deal.” See guarantee page 10. 
FAMILY OF FIVE. 
All Drank Coffee From Infancy. 
It is a common thing in this country 
to see whole families growing up with 
nervous systems weakened by coffee 
drinking. 
That is because many parents do not 
realize that coffee contains a drug— caf¬ 
feine —which causes the trouble. 
“There are live children in my family/’ 
writes an Iowa mother, “all of whom 
drank coffee from infancy up to two 
years ago. 
“My husband and I had heart trouble 
and were advised to quit coffee. We 
did so and began to use Postum. We 
novv are doing without medicine and are 
entirely relieved of heart trouble. 
(Caffeine causes heart trouble when 
continually used as in coffee drinking.) 
“Our eleven-year-old boy had a weak 
digestion from birth, and yet always 
craved, and was given, coffee. When we 
changed to Postum he liked it and we 
gave him all he wanted. He has been 
restored to health by Postum and still 
likes it. 
“Long live the discoverer of Postum!” 
Read “The Road to Wellville,” in 
pkgs. “There’s a Reason.” 
Ever read the above letter ? A new 
one appears from time to time. They 
are genuine, true, and full of human 
interest. 
for the land’s sake 
use Bowker’s fertilizers. They enrich 
the earth and those who till it. It pays 
the farmer to buy and it pays the agent 
to sell Bowker’s; the former because 
they give big field results, and the latter 
because their national reputation and 
popular favor make them easy to sell. 
Forty years of experience, prompt service, 
the best materials, the best facilities are behind 
every bag- of Bowker’s. A brand to fit every 
crop and every pocket book. 
We want agents wherever we are not now 
represented. Write today for prices and terms ; 
this may mean a good business for you if you act 
at once. 
Write anyhow for our illustrated catalogue and 
calendar. We want you to know Bowker’s before you 
buy your spring fertilizer. 
BOWKER 
FERTILIZER COMPANY, 
77 Lyman St., Buffalo, N. Y. 
Original and largest manufacturers of special fertilizers. 
DC Elf EC Dill 12 its pleasures and profits, is the 
theme of that excellent and hand¬ 
somely illustrated magazine, OLE AN IX G8 IN BEE 
OULTUKE. We send it for six months on trial for 
twenty-live cents, and also send free a 64-page book on 
bees and our bee supply catalogue to all who name this 
paper. THE A. L HOOT CO., Box 65, Medina, Ohio. 
ENCOURAGE THEBOYS 
^Boya want encouragement-^^ 
if they don’t get it at home they 
rgo elsewhere. Teach them to earn their' 
"own spending money. Growing vegetables V 
Is Instructive, interesting, profitable when 
tlMONAGEl^te 
are used. Our No. 6 Combined Hill and Drill 
Seeder with Marker and Double and Single 
Wheel Hoe is a wonderful tool—can be used 
in various unusual combinations. Saves time, 
labor and seed. Price, $12. Other 
garden tools, $2.50 up. Easy to * 
operate. .Recommended by I 
gardeners everywhere. W rite * 
to-day for 75th Anniver- 
eary Catalog—Free. 
BATEVAN W V Q CO. 
Box 102-0 
Grenloch, N.« 
BUY LIME DIOW 
Hydrated 
lime in paper 
sacks, carlots, 
for $7.50 per ton. Lime screenings in bulk, from 
best grade of burnt lime, $5.00 per Ion, f. o. b. 
cars any point between Buffalo and New York 
on main lines of the N. Y. Central, Brie, D. L. 
& W. and C. R. R. of N. J. Order early before 
the great demand sets in and delays shipments. 
Address J. W. BALLARD CO., Bmphamton, New York. 
Get This Power ; 
—Back to the old reliable LefTel Steam Power 1 
theory from hundreds of farmers who havo 
used gasoline engines. There are many 
reasons. Let us tell you them. ~ 
LEFTEL Steam 
Engines and 
Boiiers 
have proven most simple, 
dependable, economical, 
durable and efficient, 
Writejpostal now for 
“The Farmer’s Pow¬ 
er.” Address 
James Leffel 8t Co. 
Box 250, 
Springfield, 
Ohio 
A Ren 
tarkable Fu 
tel Savinfif 
Farm E 
aigine 15 D 
ays FREE 
G A s ? l ; ne 18 wa 7 U P now . Rom 6 to 16 cents more than kerosene, and is still soaring 
1 he big automobile demand is responsible for it. What will you do if your engine 
wont run on kerosene? Better be on the safe side. Better own an engine that 
will operate on either kerosene or gasoline. 
Record Breaking PERFECTION Kerosene Engine 
, V 1 ? PERFECTION does what no othor engine can do. It vaporli.s kerosene, drawing 
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Tho Perfection is light, portable, has only throe moving parts, runs everything about 
the placo, operates on any engino fuel, is priced lower than othors of the same size. 
1 5 Days’ Free Trial X°il Can havo one ot theso en 8 ines for 15 days' free trial. 
. 1 , •> „ on y° ur dealer, ask him to show you the “Perfec¬ 
tion Ho 11 let you use one on your farm for 15 days and if you find that it is not as 
represented, we will refund cheerfully every dollar paid for it by you. Ask for our 
Free Engine Book or if your dealer does not carry the “Perfection" write to us direct. 
Caille Perfection Motor Co., 211 Second Ave., Detroit, Mich 
GALLOWAY 
SAVES YOU 
$50 to $300 
his,or/ 1 litre ° f ,? ngme 1 sel . 1 has ever been made before in all Gasoline Engine 
en .°. *™S£&r** am rea f on . : . 1 turn ,heni out all alike by the thousands in my 
L. t ‘ S m .[n factory, equipped with automatic machinery. I sell them direct to vou 
for lea money than some factories can make them at actual shop cost J 
y . ou Pax me for actual raw material, labor and one small profit (and I buy my 
material ;n enormous quantities). y y 
Anybody can afford and might just as well have a high grade engine when he 
dtte before 0 “TWnktff tl ? iS kSnd - r ™ doin Z something that never was Z^^A 
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jobbers can buy similar engines for, in carload lots, for spot cash. wy 
„ , eng ‘ ne that is made so good in the factory that I will send " 
° i y 'L he , re *? t ,he U - s - without an expert to any inexperienced 
°“ 30 da ys free trial, to test against any engine made of 
iT.u bors e-power that sells for twice as much, and let him , , , 
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5"Hm-Pm Only $119,50 
Get Gaiioway'i 
Biggest and Bes 
BOQi 
GASOLINE 
ENGINE 
Write today for tny beautiful new 50-page Engine Book in foui 
colors, nothing like it ever printed before, full of valuable information, 
showing how I make them and how you can make more money with a 
gasoline engine on the farm. Write me— 
Wm. Galloway„ Pres., Wm. Galloway Com 
B85 Galloway Station, Waterloo, Iowa 
