20 
THE RURAL NEW - VO R K E R 
January 7, 
FEEDING PROBLEMS. 
Under this heading we endeavor to give advice 
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains 
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the 
advice is based upon experience and average 
analyses of foods. By ‘'protein” is meant the 
elements in the food which go to make muscle or 
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch, 
sugar, etc., which make fat and provide fuel for 
the body, while “fat” is the pure oil found in 
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual 
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is 
driven off. A "narrow ration" means one in which 
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close 
—a "wide” ration means one which shows a larger 
proportion of carbohydratjs. 
A Milk Ration. 
ITow can we make a ration .for milch 
cows with cornstalks, ground oats, and 
ground corn? How is this for milch cows? 
3 0 pounds a day of cornstalks, 10 pounds 
straw, four pounds ground oats, four pounds 
buckwheat middlings. m. 
New York. 
According to the best authorities a 
standard ration for a i,ooo-pound cow 
should contain 24 pounds of dry matter, 
in which there are 2.5 pounds of di¬ 
gestible protein, and 13.4 pounds of di¬ 
gestible carbohydrates and fat, which 
gives it a nutritive ratio of 1 -. 5 . 4 . Here 
is the analysis of the ration you sug¬ 
gest. Let us see how it compares with 
the standard : 
Feeding stuff. 
cotton-seed before they have been fresh 
at least two weeks. It is rather difficult 
to understand why you picked the ears 
off your corn before putting it into 
the silo, as it is so much time and labor 
actually wasted, to say nothing of the 
expense of grinding the corn. When 
it is all put in the silo together it makes 
much better silage, and is much more 
economical of time and money, c. s. G. 
4 lbs. buckwheat mid 
Dry 
Pro- 
Cavb: 
matter. 
tein. 
and Fat. 
. 6. 
.37 
3.4 
. 9.1 
.32 
4.04 
. 3.56 
.368 
2.272 
.22 
1.824 
22.34 
3.538 
11.536 
Nutritive ratio . 
You will see by the above analysis 
that the ration mentioned is deficient in 
every requirement, and especially in pro¬ 
tein, where a large part of the trouble 
usually comes in selecting proper feed¬ 
ing stuffs for a milk-producing ration. 
While a cow would live on this ration 
she would not give milk enough to 
pay her keep. Another serious fault 
with this combination is that it contains 
no succulent material like silage, roots 
or beet pulp. It is practically an impos¬ 
sibility to produce milk without succu¬ 
lent feed in competition with farmers 
who are using something of this kind, 
as the cost is increased beyond the price 
obtainable for market milk. Every 
dairy farmer should raise corn for sil¬ 
age first, and then raise clover and Al¬ 
falfa if it is possible for him to do 
so, as thtft is the best way to get ahead 
of the feed trust. 
Buckwheat middlings contain 22 per 
cent, protein (digestible), which should 
place them among the first class of pro¬ 
tein feeds were it not for the fact that 
being so fine they make a sticky paste 
in the cows' mouths unless mixed with 
a large quantity of coarse feed, and it 
has been my experience as well as others 
that cows do not relish them, although 
some feeders claim good results from 
their extensive use. I was unable to 
get cows to eat more than one or two 
pounds a day, and the milk yield de¬ 
creased when I started to feed them. 
For these reasons I cannot recommend 
their extensive use, but rely on cotton¬ 
seed meal, gluten feed, dry distillers’ 
grains, and oil meal to furnish the 
deficient amount of protein, and in the 
absence of silage I would feed dry beet 
pulp. c. s. G. 
Another Dairy Ration 
Please give a ration from oats, cob-and- 
corn ground together, silage from well- 
ripened fodder, corn picked off, common 
or natural mixture of hay (June, quack 
Red-top, Timothy). All kinds grain and 
feed for sale nearby that is lacking for a 
balanced ration. w. w. 
Fambridgeport, Vt. 
Your home-grown feeds are all lack¬ 
ing in protein which must be supplied 
if you expect your cows to produce milk 
in paying quantities. The most eco¬ 
nomical way to buy protein, everything 
considered, is in the form of cotton¬ 
seed meal, but of course there is- a 
limit to the amount of this feed that can 
safely be fed to a cow. Large heavy 
milkers have been known to eat five 
pounds or more a day when making a 
record, but two or three pounds a day 
for average cows is much safer to feed. 
Ajax flakes contain 23 per cent, digesti¬ 
ble protein, or practically twice as much 
as wheat bran, and as Ajax is a light 
bulky feed the proper amount of protein 
can be made up with it and you will have 
a practical ration with a nutritive ratio. 
of 1 :5.5 as follows: 35 pounds silage, 
10 pounds mixed hay, two pounds ground 
oats, four pounds corn-and-cob meal, 
three pounds cotton-seed meal and three 
pounds Ajax flakes. This ration is suit¬ 
able for large cows giving a full flow of 
milk; and for smaller cows it should 
be reduced accordingly. Cows coming in 
early in the Spring should not have much 
Farmers and Purebred Cattle. 
Farmers arc conservative and slow to 
take hold of new things, but it is only nec¬ 
essary to refer to the records of purebred 
stock to determine that the average pro¬ 
duction of purebred dairy cattle is much 
greater than that of the scrub or general- 
purpose cow, and, of course, the same will 
apply tc the beef breeds. 1 presume that 
a great many farmers in the State of New 
York, as well as in other States, are main¬ 
taining herds of cattle at a loss; cattle 
that do not pay their hoard. The average 
farmer does not keep a record of the 
amount of grain and forage fed, and there 
is no doubt if they were to keep a record 
of it they would be astonished to see the 
Joss in a great many instances. In some 
localities the farmers are not so much to 
blame; the agricultural colleges have been 
advocating the general-purpose cow. Of 
course, that does not apply to New York 
State. It was only three or four years ago 
that some of the western agricultural col¬ 
leges seemed to be strongly in favor of the 
general purpose cow. The recent dairy con¬ 
test in the State of Iowa, 1 think, has had 
much to do with dispelling that illusion, 
and it is only necessary to look up the rec¬ 
ords made by the purebreds and even those 
that were crossed with the purebreds to 
see that the general-purpose cow is far 
behind the average. It is my opinion that 
the farm papers, papers that are read the 
most by the farmers, can do more along 
educational lines, relative to purebred cat¬ 
tle than can be done in any other way. I 
presume that the average farmer objects 
very strongly to the price that he must 
pay for purebred cattle, and thinks that it 
is folly to pay $200 to $500 for a purebred 
cow when he can buy a scrub for $60. My 
experience has been that the better and 
higher-priced ones are the cheaper and most 
profitable, and I guess it is only by experi¬ 
ence that we learn these things. I have 
cows that average over 550 pounds of but¬ 
ter fat per year under ordinary good dairy 
conditions, milked twice a day. It is their 
normal capacity. These are paying cows. 
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The Best Separator Today 
is the 
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You do not care who invented the Cream Separator. 
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The Principle 
of Feeding 
The man who feeds sheep, cattle or swine, so as to bring about 
rapid growth and a short fattening period, never goes by guess¬ 
work. With him, feeding is a science based on one fundamental 
principle, viz: A strong animal digestion means economical food con¬ 
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feeding stock unfailingly active—he gives regular daily doses of 
D B HESS STOCK FOOD 
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