1911. 
THE KUKAb NEW-YORKER 
7 
CHANGEABLE ROTATION. 
W. B. D., Mount Vernon, N. Y.—I have 
read ‘‘Thirty Years of Chemicals and 
Clover,” and I believe It is of great value 
to a progressive farmer. My farm is in 
Putnam County, N. Y., and I am running 
It with hired help, and of course find it 
difficult to make it even carry itself. I 
supervise all the work and take great in¬ 
terest in its management and care ; did bet- 
tre this year than ever before, selling about 
$800 worth of apples and potatoes. I de¬ 
sire to follow your suggestion as to rota¬ 
tion as near as possible, and ask if in your 
judgment this would be a good rotation 
for me to follow, as I think I could use 
oats to better advantage than wheat. (If 
I am wrong in this, I -wish you would 
correct me.) First year, corn. Second 
year, potatoes, and these ripening in the 
Fall, the ground would have to be left 
bare for the Winter and until Spring. In 
the Spring or third year sow oats and 
clover and grass seed. Harvest the oats 
and then for two years, or the fourth and 
fifth years, grow grass and cut hay and 
then continue this rotation over again. If 
this rotation would be the best I could 
follow, what aniount and kind of clover 
and grass seed would you advise me using? 
The land I would use as outlined is mostly 
high land, but fairly level, some Slope but 
not steep. I have come to the conclusion 
that it is best for me to plant a rather 
late potato, as I can handle the crop later 
In Fall, better than at an earlier time. We 
have apples to gather in the Fall as well, 
and local people to whom I sell potatoes 
will not buy until later in Fall, and by 
having a late potato I do not have to 
store them until I can sell them. 
Ans. —The rotation in “Chemicals and 
Clover” is corn, potatoes, wheat and 
grass two years. Under this system it 
is necessary to use early potatoes so as 
to get them out in time for wheat seed¬ 
ing. We doubt if the oats will pay 
better than wheat, and the change will 
mean more Spring plowing. As - you 
are situated, the change may be better. 
We should sow Crimson clover and 
turnips or vetch in the corn at last 
working to plow under in Spring. Even 
with late potatoes we should sow rye 
after digging. This plan works well 
with us. Dig the potatoes and work 
over the field with a spring-tooth, lift¬ 
ing it at intervals so as to bunch the 
vines and weeds. Haul these off and 
pile around young trees. Sow rye after 
the spring-tooth and cover with Acme 
or spike harrow. This rye will save 
nitrates and add humus to the soil. It 
will no doubt pay you to use lime in 
this rotation. We should do so when 
seeding to oats and grass. We use 
four pounds each Alsike and Red clover. 
If the hay is to be sold use Timothy 
seed alone, about 15 quarts per acre. 
If for home feeding add five quarts 
Red-top seed. 
A STUDY OF SOILS. 
E. P., Windsor, Conn .—I hope to pur¬ 
chase a farm for the purpose of putting 
out an apple orchard. It will probably be 
somewhere within 30 miles of the Connec¬ 
ticut River if in Connecticut, or in the 
Berkshires if in Massachusetts. The Gov¬ 
ernment has made a soil survey of the 
Connecticut River Valley, listing thereon 
two soils that I think look like good apple 
soils, triassic stony loam and Endfield 
sandy loam. The first a dark Indian red 
color, and the second a grayish loam over¬ 
laying the triassic loam. The red color 
of the soils is supposed to give a higher 
color to apples. Is this correct? What 
elevation and exposure are desirable? I 
wish to obtain the right situation. 
Ans. —The soils of New England had 
such a mixing up in our early history, 
and the surface has been left so un¬ 
even that we find a great many varie¬ 
ties on soils of even small farms. We 
may find soils that will produce es¬ 
pecially fine apples on one part of a 
farm, peaches upon another, grapes on 
others and perhaps all of the fruits upon 
some portions. These areas, however, 
are generally small, though in Massa¬ 
chusetts belts may be found of con¬ 
siderable extent. Thus from Worcester 
through the towns of Grafton, West- 
boro, Upton, Hopkinson, Holliston, \ 
Sherborn, Medway, etc., we find a belt j 
of 25 or more miles long and from four 
to six miles wide, where apple trees 
grow vigorously and attain large size. 
Another belt extends from Fitchburg 
easterly to Concord and Lexington and 
through to Newburyport, from 25 to 30 
miles long, especially suited to the 
growth of the apple. The best of the 
land in these belts is on high elevation, 
with west or northwest exposure, though 
good grass land will generally produce 
good apples. Soil analyses are only 
valuable where there are large areas 
of soil of the same character. A simple 
and very satisfactory method of de¬ 
termining the value of soil for the apple 
is to note the growth of the apple trees 
upon it or that near by. If the trees 
are large and vigorous and have sound 
trunks, we may conclude that young 
trees will thrive in it under proper 
conditions. There is great interest in 
apple growing at this time and some 
remarkable results have been obtained 
in renovating old orchards where the 
trees have been pruned, sprayed and 
fertilized. s. t. maynard. 
RUST RESISTING IRON. 
The consular reports from Washington 
contain the following: 
Consul Albert Ilalstcad, of Birmingham, 
calls attention to the announcement by a 
British journal of a new rust-proofing pro¬ 
cess for iron and steel. The article is 
boiled in one gallon of water to which is 
added four ounces of phosphoric acid, and 
one ounce of iron filings. A black non¬ 
corroding coating is produced. 
This was mentioned some years ago, 
and we tried to find out about it. In¬ 
quiry at the Agricultural Department 
brings out the following: 
This office has had no experience in 
the treatment of iron for the prevention 
of rust according to the process you men¬ 
tion. This method is known as the Cos- 
lett rust-preventing process, and aims to 
provide a coating of phosphate of iron 
over the metal to be -protected. It is 
stated that articles so tr *ated present a 
surface finish similar to ebonite, and that 
the temper of steel articles is not affected 
•by the process. If such a deposit can 
actually be formed on the metal by the 
process as described, it is quite possible 
that rusting will be prevented, provided 
the coating does not crack or scale off after 
the metal is exposed to the weather. In 
the near future we hope to carry out some 
experiments along this line, but have not 
as yet done so. vernox n. peiuce. 
Apple Questions.— Has any one fruited 
the Delicious, King David or Senator 
apples in the East? If so, are they of 
any value for an eastern orchardist? Is 
the filler plan with apples a success? By 
filler plan is meant setting standard trees, 
as Baldwin, from 35 to 40 feet square, 
and a tree like Duchess in the center of 
square. _ A. J. henry. 
\\ hen you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reoly and 
"a square deal.” See guarantee page 12. 
GOT IT 
Get Something Else, Too. 
“I liked my coffee strong and I drank 
it strong, ’ says a Pennsylvania woman, 
telling a good story, “and although I had 
headaches nearly every day I just would 
not believe there was any connection be¬ 
tween the two. I had weak and heavy 
spells and palpitation of the heart, too, 
and although husband told me he thought 
it was coffee that made me so poorly, and 
did not drink it himself for he said it did 
not agree with him, yet I loved my coffee 
and thought I just couldn’t do without it. 
"One day a friend called at my home— 
that was a year ago. I spoke about how 
well she was looking and she said: 
“ ’Yes, and I feel well, too. It’s be¬ 
cause 1 am drinking Postum in place of 
ordinary coffee.’ 
"I said, what is Postum? 
" 1 hen she told me how it was a food- 
drink and how much better she felt since 
using it in place of coffee or tea, so I sent 
to the store and bought a package and 
when it was made according to directions 
it was so good I have never bought a 
pound of coffee since. I began to im¬ 
prove immediately. 
"1 cannot begin to tell you how much 
better I feel since using Postum and 
leaving coffee alone. My health is bet¬ 
ter than it has been for years and I can¬ 
not say enough in praise of this delicious 
food drink.” 
Take away the destroyer and put a re- 
huilder to work and Nature will do the 
rest. That’s what you do when Postum 
takes coffee's place in your diet. “There’s 
a Reason.” 
Read the little book, “The Road to 
Wellville,” in pkgs. 
Ever read the above letter ? A new 
one appears from time to time. They 
are genuine, true, and full of human 
interest. 
AS LONG AS YOU’RE 
GOING TO BUY A POWER 
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OF COURSE IF YOU HAD TO PAY MORE for the best sprayer— 
which is the Champion—then there might be some reason in saving money 
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BUT THAT iSN T THE CASE the Champion costs actually less than 
inferior power sprayers of other makes. One reason is the Champion 
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too, we make them in large quantities—being the largest exclusive 
manufacturers of power sprayers in the world, and we give you the benefit 
of the saving we effect in that way. 
THE SAME SIMPLICITY OF DESIGN that enables us to make and 
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SO THERE S ONLY ONE REASON why anyone would buy any othe 
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YOU OWE IT TO YOURSELF to get our catalog, study the technical 
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Champion Manufacturing Co. 
Pontiac, Michigan 
Department D 
