no 
January 28, 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
TROUBLE WITH THE CREAM. 
What causes long and difficult churning 
when the temperature of the cream is 62 
and over, sometimes as high as 68? How 
long should milk stand in crocks before 
skimming, and what should be the tem¬ 
perature of place where milk is kept in 
cold weather? IIow can a novice tell what 
is meant by cream being “too thick" or 
“too thin” for churning? IIow long a time 
should elapse after the last cream is added 
before churning? What means are taken 
to raise the temperature of the cream? Can 
you tell me if a “starter” is commonly used 
and what should be the quantity for, say, 
one gallon of cream? s. w. m. 
If you cow is far advanced in lacta¬ 
tion, that is if she has been milking 
since last Spring or early Summer, your 
trouble may be due to this fact; but 
there are many causes which affect the 
churning of cream, and some of them 
are pretty hard to determine and correct. 
Probably one of the most common 
sources of trouble is the presence of 
organisms, which may find their way 
into the neatest dairies, but which may 
be at least partially controlled by 
thoroughly cleansing and scalding all 
utensils which come in contact with the 
milk or cream. For best results in rais¬ 
ing cream in shallow pans or crocks the 
milk should be set immediately after 
milking, about three inches deep, plac¬ 
ing pans in a cool room where the tem¬ 
perature is 60° F. or less. Skimming 
should take place about 24 or 36 hours 
after setting. Separate the cream from 
the edge of the pan with a thin bladed 
knife, when it can be run into a cream 
can, care being taken to run in as little 
milk as possible; for a thin cream is 
harder to churn than a rich cream, will 
sour more quickly and will not make as 
good a quality of butter. Cream should 
be rich enough so that 10 pounds will 
yield at least three pounds of butter. It 
should be kept cool (under 60°) until 
12 hours before churning, when it should 
be warmed to a temperature of about 
70°, in Winter, cooling to churning 
temperature before putting into the 
churn. No fresh cream should be added 
for at least 12 hours before churning. 
The temperature may best be raised or 
lowered by surrounding the cream can 
with warm or cold water, as the case 
may be. 
The following conditions require low 
churning temperature, (54 to 62°) : Very 
rich cream, cream from the milk of 
fresh cows, cream from the milk of 
cows receiving succulent food, such as 
silage or pasture; and cream from 
Jerseys and Guernseys can usually be 
churned at a lower temperature than that 
from other breeds. This is due to the 
larger size of the fat globules. Condi¬ 
tions requiring high churning tempera¬ 
ture are: A thin cream, cream from 
cows a long time in milk, and cream 
from cows receiving no succulent food. 
It is generally necessary to have a higher 
churning temperature during Fall and 
Winter than in Summer. The ripening 
of cream may be hastened, and generally 
a better flavor produced, by adding a 
starter (about one-half pint to the gal¬ 
lon of cream) 12 hours before churning. 
Good clean flavored buttermilk or skim- 
milk, or one of the commercial starters, 
may be used. When ready to churn, 
cream should be thick and glossy and 
should smell and taste slightly sour. If 
your conditions all seem to be right and 
the butter still fails to come try the fol¬ 
lowing treatment: Twelve hours be¬ 
fore churning set the cream vessel in 
a tub of hot water and stir occasionally, 
thus raising the temperature of the 
cream to 160° F.; hold it there for 20 
minutes, then cool down to 70° F., add 
a starter, stir occasionally during the 
ripening process, and proceed as before. 
c. s. M. 
TWO GOOD COWS. 
Being a new beginner for myself and 
a lover of the old cow I take a good deal 
of interest in the opinions in your paper. 
Being encouraged in the outlook for 
farming I bought a run-down farm of 
80 acres in southern Oneida County, 
and am trying to start right. The first 
thing was a silo and pair of scales in 
the stable. We started in with seven 
common or scrub cows, three of which 
the scales told us to sell. I will. send 
you a little statement of what it cost 
us to produce milk outside of labor 
(we rented farms in St. Lawrence 
County so long and worked for nothing 
and boarded ourselves, we don’t value 
our time very much). The first cow had 
two calves inside 11 months, was in good 
order and had no feed in her dry 
period except pasture. No. 2 was 
a longer season cow and I have charged 
her with a full ration for the full year. 
The hay may seem small, but often 
weighed a lock of seven to eight pounds 
they did not eat clean, with 40 pounds of 
silage and eight quarts of grain that, 
weighed from to seven pounds at 
a cost of $34 a ton. 
They were turned out May 1 in fairly 
good feed and a different ration, six 
pounds of mixed feed at a cost of $1.40 
per 100. The other freshened in May 
and will average about the same at the 
end of the year. I did not try to make 
any milk record with these, only what 
I called a good feed for any cow, and 
the best attention I knew how, with 
water twice a day, a good bed and 
thoroughly clean and comfortable as I 
could make them. I experimented with 
feed on the first cow which cost me 
from $5 to $8 on her income, but I shall 
not have to do that any more; I raised 
oats, peas and barley, one peck peas, one- 
half bushel barley, and oats to make 
three bushels of seed to the acre, and 
thrashed grain that weighed 40 pounds 
to the bushel; mixed four bags to 100 
pounds mixed feed, bran, brown and 
white middlings, ground fresh at our 
home mill. While that may not be a 
properly balanced ration it gave me the 
best results in milk and vitality both. 
Cow No. 1, freshened November 15 : 
Winter grain ration 12 cents a day. 
Summer grain ration 8 cents a day. 
Nov. 15 to May 1. 166 days, 12c-$19.92 
May 1 to Aug. 1, 02 days, 8c. 7.36 
Silage and green fodder, 4 tons at 
$2.50 . 10.00 
1 ton clover hay. 10.00 
Pasture . 8.00 
$55.28 
Amount milk. 1,458 lbs.; quarts 3,729. 
Cost to produce less than 1 % cts. quart. 
Cow No. 2, fresh January 15 : 
Jan. 116 to May 1, 105 days, 12c-$12.60 
May 1 to Jan. 16, 260 days, 8c. 20.80 
Silage and green fodder, 4 tons, at 
$2.50 . 10.00 
Clover hay, 1 ton. 10.00 
Pasture . 8.00 
$61.40 
Amount milk 9.269 lbs., 4,634 quarts. 
Cost to produce less than 1 1-3 cts. quart. 
This milk at station price at Verona 
brought me, cow No. 1, $119.27; No. 2, 
$142.67. B. b. 
Oneida Co., N. Y. 
Save Your Grain 
“Ruggles, you ought to go into the 
business of raising chickens by hand. 
It’s great.” “I believe I would, Ram- 
age, if I could buy a good incubator 
cheap.” (With eagerness) “I’ve got one, 
old chap, I’ll sell you for a third of 
what it cost me!”—Chicago Tribune. 
Increase the bulk of the corn you feed one-fifth to 
one-fourth by grinding the cobs and corn together. 
Doing this you not only get more feed per acre of 
corn but you get a feed that your stock will thrive 
on better than corn meal alone. Experiment sta¬ 
tions all over the country have proven that better 
gains are made and less digestive troubles exper¬ 
ienced when animals get corn and cob meal. 
‘flew o/follcuid 
Feed Mills 
—are money makers for farmers nud stock owners. They 
erind corn on the cob or small grain perfectly. Will grind 
coarse for stock foo d or tine as Hour for table use. Easy to 
•>-•' ' 1 1 run. Use any kind 
of power. Can’t 
‘‘choke up.” 5 sizes. 
Get one from your 
dealer on Free 
Trial. If he 
hasn’t one, write 
us. Wo will then 
supply you and give 
you "an extended 
Free Trial. Send 
for catalog and free booklet. 
“ The Right Way to Feed 
Grain.” Give*latest facts 
by experienced oiock-rais- 
ers on feeding hogs, cattle, 
milk-cows, horses, sheep 
and poultry. 
ill 
Hew Hollahii Machine Co., box 41 , mew holunp.pa. 
KOBEItTSON’S CHAT X 
II AN GIN G STANCIIIOXS 
“l have used them for more 
than TWENTY YEARS, and they 
have given the very Best of satis- 
i faction in every way,” writes 
Justus TI. Cooley, M I)., Plainfield 
i; Sanitarium, Plainfield, N. J. 
' Thlrtv days’ trial,on application 
' O il. ROBERTSON 
Wash. St., Forcstville, Conn. 
AND UPWARD 
SENT ON TRIAL. 
FULLY 
GUARANTEED. 
AMERICAN^ 
SEPARATOR 
A brand new, well made, easy running, easily 
cleaned, perfect skimming separator for $15.95. 
Skims warm or cold milk. Makes thick or thin 
cream. Thousands in use giving splendid satis¬ 
faction. Different from this picture which illus¬ 
trates our large capacity machines. The bowl 
is a sanitary marvel and embodies all our latest 
improvements. Our richly illustrated catalog 
tells all about it. Our wonderfully low prices on 
all sizes and generous terms of trial will astonish 
you. We sell direct to user. No agents. Our 
guarantee protects you on every American Sepa¬ 
rator. Western orders filled from Western points. 
Whether your dairy is large or small, get our great 
offer and handsome free catalog. ADDRESS, 
AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO., 
BOX 1075 
BAINBRIDGE, N. Y. 
Bryan’s Colic Remedy for Cattle, 
will relieve the most obstinate case of colic within 
one hour. Price $1.25 per bottle, by mail, in the 
United States or Canada. 
BRYAN DRUG CO., Chatham, N. J. 
You Can’t CutOut 
A BOG SPAVIN, PUFF or 
THOROUGHPIN, but 
AJ 3 S 0 RBINE 
will clean them off permanently, and 
you work the horse same time. I)ocs 
not blister or remove the hair. Will 
tell you more if you write. $ 2.00 pet 
bottle at d’lers ordcliv’d.BooktDfree. 
_ ABSORBINE, JR., for mankind. 
BBa S $1 bottle. Keduces Varicose Veins.Var- 
ieocele. Hydrocele, Ruptured Muscles or Liga¬ 
ments. Enlarged Glands. Allays pain quickly. 
W. F. YOUNG, P. D. F., 88 Temple St., Springfield, Mass. 
NEWTON’S HEAVE 
COUCH, DISTEMPER | I E3 IT m 
AND IN DIGESTION ■ * C. 
The Standard Veterinary Remedy. 
GREEN MOUNTAIN 
SILOS 
Three bearings all around 
each door like a safe or re¬ 
frigerator door. Hoops are 
stronger than others. Staves, 
doors and fronts soaked in 
preservative if you wish. 
Green Mountain Silos differ 
from other round silos. 
Free catalogue gives details. 
Post card will bring it. 
CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO., 
•H8 West Street, Rutland, Vt. 
O d Reasons 
(WD Wiry 
Unadllla Silos are f«»- better than others will 
be mailed you promptly on receipt of your 
name and address. UNADILLA MLOS have 
unobstructed, continuous Door Fronts 
which allow you to shore ensilage out in¬ 
stead of pitching it up 3 to 6 ft. over cross¬ 
bars. It costs you 15 cent* a ton less to shove 
ensilage out of the UNADILLA SILO than it 
does to pitch it out of an ordinary silo. Ad¬ 
justable door frame to and from doors, mnl-J 
leable iron lugs cold rolled over threads on 
end of steel hoops stronger than on ordinary hoops. 
F.xtra discount for earlv orders, Agents wanted. 
UNADILLA SILO CO., Box 15, rnndilla, N. Y. 
mROSS SILO 
Makes the horse sound, stay sound 
DEATH TO HEAVES ! 
The first or second $1.00 can cures. The third can \ 
is guaranteed to cure or money refunded. 
$1.00 per can at dealers, or express prepaid. 
THE NEWTON REMEDY CO.. Toledo, Ohio 
DAIRY SUPPLIES 
We are headquarters forMiilc Bottles, 
Cans, Caps, Carriers, Churns, Drain¬ 
ers, Pasteurizers, Separators, Ice 
Crushers, etc., and every utensil used 
by handlers of milk, cream, butter, 
eggs, ice cream or cheese. Best goods, 
fair prices, prompt shipments. Satis¬ 
faction guaranteed. Send us today 
your list of needs. No order too small. 
WISNER MFG. CO , 230 A Greenwich St..N.Y. 
Everything For Dairymen Always In Stock 
pi 
-M 
li 
II' 
jtr 
j 
m 
111 
S 
322 
Tlio only thoroughly manufactured 
Silo on tho market. Full length stave. 
Continuous door framo complete with 
ladder. Triple beveled silo door with 
hinges. Equipped with extra heavy 
hoops at bottom. 
AIR TIGHT 
Hakes winter feed equal to June 
grass. THE KOSS will more than pay 
for itself in one season. Write to¬ 
day for catalog which gives facts that 
will save you money. Agents wanted. 
The E. W. Itoss Co.(Est.ia50) 
Box 13 81’KINGFIELD. OHIO 
rD ii ayiEV r IMPROVED 
UnUmOO WARRINER 
STANCHION 
Prof. F. G. Helyar of 
Mt. Herman School, Mt. 
Herman, Mass., writes: 
“ We could not get along 
without Warriner Stanch¬ 
ions.” 
Send address for book¬ 
let of information to 
WALI,ACE It. CRUMB, Box Ml, Forestvllle, Conn. 
COW COMFORT 
Means additional profit. Simple, 
durable, easily locked. Foster 
Steel Stun e li ions cannot be 
opened by the cattle. Top and bot¬ 
tom chains permit free head move¬ 
ment, standing or lying down, yet 
keep cattle lined tip and clean. 
Write for new booklet showing 
model stables. 
Foster Steel Stanchion Co., 
906 Ins. Bldg'., Rochester, N. Y 
Profits Book Free 
es that yon lose big profits till you got a 
LausingSilo. Head what Experiment Sta¬ 
tions say. Head a bout superior ma¬ 
terials we use. Then you’ll 
know why most eareful,money¬ 
making farmers have chosen 
Lansing Silos;' 
Made of Soft Cork Pin© and 7 other good 
woods. Steel Iloopa and Draw Lugs, Continu¬ 
ous Doorway,with Ladder Front. Many other 
important advantages. Boost your profits. Start 
at once. Mail postal now for our book. Addren 
Severance Tank & Silo Co., 
Dept. 329 Lansing, Mich. 
BEFORE YOU BUY WRITE FOR 
NEW CATALOG DESCRIBING THE 
GUARANTEED MONEY-SAVING 
1*1 INTERNATIONAL 
S35 SILOS 
Hr 
III!,*' 
strongest built, simplest to put up and easiest operated 
on the market. Adjustable automatic take-up hoop— 
continuous open-door front—air-tight door and per¬ 
manent ladder are some of the unusual features. The 
International Bile 113 Main St.» LinearilU. Bb 
bS excelsior swing stanchion 
Warranted The Best. 30 Days’ Triad 
Unlike all others. Stationary when open 
Noiseless Simple Sanitary Durable 
Tlie Wasson 
Box 60 , 
Stanchion Co., 
Cuba, N. Y. 
■8 SII.0S“R01ND BARNS 
SHOULD BE CONTRACTED FOR BtlURL LUKIN PLAIN I in<j-LAlN btKVt 
YOUR SELF AND NEIGHBORS BY BUNCHING THEM IN CAR LOTS AS 
EARLY BUYERS SAVE MONEY 
AS WE SHALL PAY FREIGHT OVER THE ROAD ONCE ONLY FROM THE MILL 
DIRECT TO YOUR HOME TOWN 
CATALOGUES OF ENSILAGE CUTTERS 
DISTRIBUTORS & CATTLE STANCHIONS 
FOR DAIRYMEN AND FEEDERS 
KALAMAZOO*?] 
TANK 
LO 
CHIGAN. 
CO 
