1911 
Fillers in Apple Orchard. 
8. A. H., Oreencastle, Pa. —Which would 
you consider most profitable to plant in an 
apple orchard of 300 standard or permanent 
trees, peaches or dwarf apples? What va¬ 
rieties of dwarf apples would you recom¬ 
mend? On our soil peaches do as well as 
apples. 
Ans.—F rom our own experience we 
should not plant either as fillers. If it 
was to be one or the other we should 
select peaches. We would rather set the 
peaches or dwarf apples by themselves, 
and if fillers were desired use early- 
bearing varieties of apples. Probably 
the same varieties which are suitable 
as standards can be best used as dwarfs. 
How to Use Nightsoil. 
S. B. Olasgp, Conn. —Will you inform 
me how and in what way to use nightsoil 
for farm land, as I am in a position to 
obtain quite a quantity and wish to use it 
on sandy loam land, with or without fer¬ 
tilizers, for whatever crop it is best 
adapted? About how much per acre? I 
had thought to mix it with water till it 
became like a paste and then pour it even 
on the land before plowing. 
Ans.— It will depend on the condition 
this manure is in. If the liquids are 
left with it in vaults the best way will 
be to pump it out into barrels or tanks, 
using a cistern pump with a straight 
upright lift. This liquid can then be' 
poured over the ground where crops are 
to be planted. This is a wasteful plan 
in Winter, as this manure contains 
soluble plant food which is often leached 
out of the soil. The best way to handle 
it is to have a compost heap of muck, 
old sods or waste and manure, and pour 
the liquids onto this heap. This will 
hold the plant food and help ferment 
the muck. In Spring it can be hauled 
and spread like ordinary manure. If 
this manure is in earth closets and in 
solid condition we should collect and 
pile it in layers of good soil. Let it 
stand this way about six weeks and 
then fork over and use like other 
manure. This material has a double 
value on the farm. It is somewhat 
richer than stable manure, and the plant 
food is more soluble. It will not only 
help the crops directly, but is one of 
the best things to use in a compost heap 
to start up fermentation. 
Wood Ashes and Fertilizer. 
F. P. It., East Windsor Hill, Conn .—I 
have always understood that it was not a 
good plan to use wood ashes the same 
season with commercial fertilizer. Will 
you inform me in regard to the exact rea¬ 
son for this, and how long after the ap¬ 
plication of ashes would it be safe to apply 
the fertilizer? 
Ans.— The only sound reason why 
wood ashes should not be used with 
fertilizer is that the ashes contain 
burned lime. This lime will unite with 
soluble phosphoric acid to make it “re¬ 
vert,” or become less soluble. It might 
also act to set free the ammonia from 
such organic materials as dried blood or 
tankage. This would mean a loss if the 
mixture were made above ground. Ex¬ 
cept for these possible objections, thr¬ 
ashes can be used the same year as the 
fertilizer. 
Use of Ground Phosphate Rock. 
J. II., Summerville, Oa. —Do you think it 
would pay me best to use Tennessee ground 
phosphate rock instead of using acid phos¬ 
phate on land for grass, corn, clover and 
peas? Will the phosphorus in this ground 
rock become available? If so, how long? 
What per cent available and not available 
in it? The manufacturers claim big things 
for this raw ground rock. Would you ad¬ 
vise sticking to acid phosphate, or use this 
not treated with acid? 
Ans.— On the lighter soils without 
much humus and for garden or quick¬ 
growing crops we should stick to the 
available forms of phosphoric acid. With 
crops such as you raise and where 
manure is used freely there can be no 
doubt that ground phosphate rock gives 
results. We do not understand that 
there is much, if any, available phos¬ 
phoric acid in this rock, yet when mixed 
THE RURAL NRW-YORKER 
with the manure and used on a clover 
sod to be plowed under practical ex¬ 
perience on many western and southern 
farms shows that in some way the plants 
make use of the ground rock. Without 
question the use of. this rock has in¬ 
creased in. the West, but we would not 
advise its use except where there is an 
abundance of manure and where clover 
and grain are the chief crops. 
NEW PEACHES AND PLUMS IN PENN¬ 
SYLVANIA. 
From my experience Mayflower is about 
all that is claimed for it. Greensboro is 
another reliable sort. Ileiley or Early Belle 
is all that J. II. Hale claims for it; most 
profitable sort for Pennsylvania peach reg¬ 
ions, except Carman and Elberta, it ranks 
third in the list. Family Favorite is ripe 
after Greensboro, and before it Ileiley and 
Carman, and fills in a gap in the markets. 
Arkansas Beauty is a fine early semi-cling, 
yet it is ripe at time Georgia crop is get¬ 
ting in cities. Belle of Georgia is another 
valuable sort, large size, a white Elb.erta. 
Carman is an excellent sort to plant out, 
and if the writer could only set one peach 
for market and family use, it would be Car¬ 
man, hut Elberta for large shipping sort 
outranks Carman. The writer has tried out 
partially 37 newer sorts of peaches here on 
Blue Ridge, Pennsylvania, such as Cham¬ 
pion, Delaware, Klondike, Edgemont Beauty, 
Bequets Free, Iron Mountain, Miss Dolo, 
Niagara, Capt. Ede, Mamie Ross. No one 
will make a mistake in planting out the new 
kinds to discard Slappy, Matthews Beauty, 
Emma, Globe, Wonderful, Engle Mammoth, 
Dewey, Victor, Sneed, Yellow St. John and 
Peatland, either shy, subject to rot, run 
small in size, or too tender for northern 
climate. The best frost resistors are Car¬ 
man, Hieley, Belle of Georgia, Mountain 
Rose, Wager and Crosby, Champion, Dela¬ 
ware, Capt. Ede, Oldmixon, Waddell, Sal- 
way and Smock are all fairly resistant to 
frosts in bloom. A new man need not fear 
to plant Fox Seedling, Niagara, Iron Moun¬ 
tain, Chairs Choice, Bokhara No. 3. Early 
Wheeler is far ahead of Alexander, Dewey 
and Waterloo. Ray is similar to Carman. 
Peach sorts of North China origin appear 
better resisters to frost and yellows. Craw¬ 
ford type least resistant. A fruit man 
learns how to grow best sorts just about 
the time he has to die. As for Japan 
plums, Red June heads the list, Abundance 
close second, Shiro and America good hy¬ 
brids and will pay to plant. Gold a good 
canner, Gonzales hardy and fine to eat out 
of hand. Burbank must be sprayed while 
in leaf with self-boiled lime, eight pounds 
to eight pounds sulphur, and 80 gallons 
water. f. l. Hancock. 
Snyder Co., Pa. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
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Better Buggies 
At Lower Prices 
whole thing; better buggies. A 
mt_, 0 ~A CC0Un * : '! I s dear at any price. 
Ihink of quality; then price. Many buggy 
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Phelps, the Individual made-to-order buggy 
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Split Hickory 
Vehicles 
aro the highest grade made, sold direct at 
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Split Hickory means highest grade, sec¬ 
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Big Buggy Book Free 
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Pholps wants to mail it to 
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It’s worth while to get it 
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H. C. Phelps, President 
The Ohio Carriage 
Mfg. Company 
Station 290, 
Columbus, O. 
Largest Factory 
in the World sett¬ 
ing Vehicles Di¬ 
rect to Consumer. 
^37 
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Write for onr Book of Plans and full de¬ 
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Originators of Complete Ready Roofings and IPate r p roo f 
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of this country are not keeping pace with the increasing population, 
and soon the American people will have to depend in large part on 
the farmers of foreign nations, unless the American farmers rise to 
their opportunity. 
The yield per acre of the average American farm is much less 
than on foreign farms. The remedy for the American farmer 
plainly lies in increasing his production, and, of course, his profits. 
It can be done, for it is chiefly a matter of fertility; and the best 
part of it is that the more fertilizer used the easier it is to pay for 
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