1911 
STI-IE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
233 
FEEDING PROBLEMS. 
Under this headi gite endeavor to give advice 
and suggestions about feeding mixtures of grains 
and fodders. No definite rules are given, but the 
advice is based upon experience and average 
analyses of foods. By ‘ protein” is meant the 
elements in the food which go to make muscle or 
lean meat. “Carbohydrates” comprise the starch, 
sugaiv etc., which make fat and provide fuel for 
the body, wuile “fat” is the pnre oil found in 
foods. Dry matter” means the weight of actual 
food left in fodder or grain when all the water is 
driven off. A ‘‘narrow ration” means one tn which 
the proportion of protein to carbohydrates is close 
—a “wide” ration means one which shows a larger 
proportion of carbonydratis. 
Rations for Dry Cow and Heifer. 
1. IIow should I feed a. cow that Is dry¬ 
ing up? 2. How should I feed a heifer 
with first calf before she is due? The 
farmers around here say I am feeding too 
heavily ; I should not give grain, only hay 
and cornstalks. 
1. It is impossible for anyone to lay 
down hard and fast rules for feeding 
any kind of live stock, as so much de¬ 
pends on the condition the animals are 
in. If your cow that is just drying off 
is in fairly good condition and coming 
fresh again in about two months, which 
is the proper time for a cow to go dry, 
I would not advise feeding any grain 
until dry. Then start feeding her from 
three to five pounds of ground oats and 
wheat bran mixed with a little oil 
meal, the quantity fed depending 
upon the condition she is in. 2. I 
would feed the heifer with first calf 
before she is due about the same. If 
she is fat do not give her much grain, 
but be sure to keep her well nourished 
and in a thriving condition at the time 
of freshening. Be very careful not to 
feed any heavy concentrated food like 
commeal, gluten or cotton seed before 
she freshens, or within two weeks there¬ 
after, as it is very likely to cause trou¬ 
ble. C. S. G. 
Grain With Timothy. 
Could you give me a balanced ration from 
the following feeds: Timothy hay three 
times a day for roughage. I have corn 
on cob, oats and buckwheat, home grown. 
The following I can buy: Gluten, $30 per 
ton ; old process oil meal, $38; cotton-seed 
meal, $36; wheat bran, $25. g. o . 
Pennsylvania. 
Here is a balanced ration compounded 
from the .feeding stuffs mentioned which 
ought to give you good satisfaction: 
Dry 
matter 
15 lbs. Timothy hay.13.00 
3 lbs. corn and cob 
meal . 2.55 
8 lbs. ground oats. 2.67 
2 lbs. cotton-seed 
meal . 1.84 
2 lbs. O. P. oil meal 1.82 
2 lbs. gluten feed . 1.8 
Digestible 
Pro- Carb. 
tein 
.42 
.132 
.276 
.744 
.586 
.464 
and fat 
6.975 
1.995 
1.704 
.888 
.197 
1.398 
23.75 
Nutritive ratio 1:5.3. 
2.622 13.93 
I have not included any buckwheat 
in this ration, as it would be better to 
sell it if you can, and buy feeds contain¬ 
ing a higher percentage of protein. If 
you cannot make this change you can 
grind your buckwheat and add it to the 
ration in small quantities. You will find 
the greatest objection to this ration is 
that you have nothing but Timothy hay 
for roughage, and there is not much 
profit in the production of milk with this 
quality of hay. In order to overcome 
this objection with the least expense, 
using the feeds you can buy, the grain 
ration is necessarily made very heavy. 
Cows, as a rule, seem to prefer a mor6 
bulky mixture, and it has a better ef¬ 
fect on their digestion. It would there¬ 
fore make a better ration to use four 
pounds of wheat bran in place of the 
two pounds of gluten feed, but the extra 
cost would probably make this change 
undesirable. If you could get dry brew¬ 
ers’ or distillers’ grains for about half 
of the ration instead of using so much 
heavy feed like gluten and cotton seed 
you would have a better and safer ra¬ 
tion to use. If you have a good supply 
of corn and cob meal and oats which 
you want to feed out, you could use 
these feeds in a little larger proportion 
than that shown in the ration, c. s. G. 
The analysis of your present ration 
follows: 
Digestible 
Dry Pro- Carb. 
matter tein and fat 
20 lbs. mixed hay .17.42 .844 9.25 
3 lbs. wheat feed . 2.64 .o75 1.59 
2 lbs. gluten feed. 1.80 .464 1.378 
1 lb. cotton-seed 
meal .92 .3.2 .444 
1 lb. cornmeal.89 .079 .764 
23.67 
Nutritive ratio 1 :6.3. 
2.134 13.449 
A Defective Ration. 
I have 18 grade Holsteins; some are fresh 
now and the remainder are to freshen soon. 
I am feeding as a grain ration three pounds 
wheat feed, 2 pounds gluten feed, one pound 
cotton-seed meal, one pound cornmeal per 
cow a day, with all the good clean meadow 
hay they will eat up clean three times a 
day. They are watered twice daily and 
salted about a tablespoonful in the grain 
twice a day. Could I improve on that ra¬ 
tion? Would corn and oats ground to¬ 
gether half and half be better than the 
cotton-seed, or could I improve by the use 
of some other grain? The wheat feed costs 
$27 per ton; cornmeal, $23; gluten, $28; 
cotton-seed, $34; corn and oats, $27. 
New York. a. b. s. 
You will see that this ration is seri¬ 
ously deficient in protein, the proper 
amount being 2.5 pounds, while you only 
have 2.13 pounds. I would advise feed¬ 
ing some good dry distillers’ grain like 
Ajax flakes or Biles XXXX in place 
of the wheat feed you use now. If your 
dealer does not keep anything of this 
kind that he can sell at $33 or $34 per 
ton, several neighbors could club to¬ 
gether and get a carload for less. By 
making this change you would have a 
balanced ration at an extra cost of only 
nine-tenths of a cent per day for each 
cow. Here is the analysis of the ra¬ 
tion changed as suggested: 
Digestible 
20 
lbs. mixed hay 
Dry 
matter 
. .17.42 
Pro¬ 
tein 
.844 
Carb. 
and fat 
9.25 
3 
lbs. dry distiller’s 
grains . 2.76 
.744 
1.659 
2 
lbs. gluten feed 
.. 1.80 
.464 
1.398 
1 
lb. cotton-seed 
meal . 
.. .92 
.372 
.444 
1 
lb. cornmeal . 
... .89 
.079 
.764 
23.79 
2.503 
13.512 
Nutritive ratio. 
1 :5.4. 
As you have no succulent feed in this 
ration, I would also suggest that you 
add about two pounds dried beet pulp 
to the ration for each cow, as the re¬ 
turns in milk should more than pay the 
cost of this extra feed. c. s. G. 
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f 'S'tfi rv»* - 
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505 South Delaware Ave., 
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